Friedrich List

Friedrich List
Lithography of List by Josef Kriehuber, 1845
Born
Daniel Friedrich List

(1789-08-06)6 August 1789
Reutlingen, Duchy of Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire
Died30 November 1846(1846-11-30) (aged 57)
Kufstein, County of Tyrol, Austrian Empire, German Confederation
NationalityGerman
Academic career
FieldEconomics
School or
tradition		Historical School
InfluencesJean-Antoine Chaptal · Alexander Hamilton · Daniel Raymond · Adolphe Thiers
ContributionsNational innovation system
Historical school of economics
Signature

Daniel Friedrich List (6 August 1789 – 30 November 1846) was a German entrepreneur, diplomat, economist and political theorist who developed the nationalist theory of political economy in both Europe and the United States.[1][2][3][4] He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics and argued for the Zollverein (a pan-German customs union) from a nationalist standpoint.[5] He advocated raising tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods and stated the cost of a tariff should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity.[4] His theories and writing also influenced the American school of economics.

List was a political liberal[6] who collaborated with Karl von Rotteck and Carl Theodor Welcker on the Rotteck-Welckersches Staatslexikon [de], an encyclopedia of political science that advocated constitutional liberalism and which influenced the Vormärz.[7] At the time in Europe, liberal and nationalist ideas were almost inseparably linked, and political liberalism was not yet attached to what was later considered "economic liberalism."[6][8] Emmanuel Todd considers List a forerunner to John Maynard Keynes as a theorist of "moderate or regulated capitalism."[9]

  1. ^ Freeman 1995.
  2. ^ Helleiner 2020.
  3. ^ Helleiner 2021.
  4. ^ a b Friedrich List at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ Tribe 2007, p. 36.
  6. ^ a b Hagemann & Wendler 2018, pp. 58–62.
  7. ^ Wendler 2014, pp. 12, 135–137.
  8. ^ Walther, Rudolf (1984). "Economic Liberalism". Economy and Society. 13 (2): 178–207. doi:10.1080/03085148300000019.
  9. ^ Wendler 2014, p. 220.