| Frontier Crimes Regulation, 1901 | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Imperial Legislative Council | |
| |
| Citation | Regulation No. III of 1901 |
| Territorial extent | Federally Administered Tribal Area |
| Enacted by | Imperial Legislative Council |
| Repealed | 28 May 2018 |
| Repeals | |
| FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018 | |
| Amended by | |
| The Frontier Crimes (Amendment) Regulation, 2011 (27 August 2011) | |
| Related legislation | |
| Tribal Areas Rewaj Act, Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan | |
| Status: Repealed | |
The Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were a special set of laws of British India, and which were applicable to the Tribal Areas. They were enacted by the British Empire in the nineteenth century and remained in effect in Pakistan until 2018. They were extended to the Gilgit Agency in Jammu and Kashmir in 1901 and to Baltistan in 1947, remaining in effect till the 1970s.[1]
The law stated that three basic rights are not applicable to the residents of FATA – appeal, wakeel and daleel (the right to request a change to a conviction in any court, the right to legal representation and the right to present reasoned evidence, respectively).[2]
Following the passing of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan by both Houses of Parliament and the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, President Mamnoon Hussain abolished the FCR and replaced it with the FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018, which lays out the future for FATA being merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and placed FATA under direct federal administration, removing its semi-autonomous status.[3]
- ^ Sökefeld, Martin (2017), "'Not Part of Kashmir, but of the Kashmir Dispute': The Political Predicaments of Gilgit-Baltistan", in Chitralekha Zutshi (ed.), Kashmir: History, Politics, Representation, Cambridge University Press, p. 145, note 11, ISBN 978-1-108-22612-7
- ^ "Frontier crimes regulation: Centuries-old law will take time to 'reform'". The Express Tribune. 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Tribespeople freed of FCR as president signs FATA governance regulation". Geo TV. Karachi, Pakistan. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.