The "fruit machine" was a battery of psychological tests developed in Canada by Dr. Frank Robert Wake,[1] a psychology professor with Carleton University[2] in the 1960s. It was hoped that Dr. Wake's research program would be able to help the Government of Canada identify gay men working in the Public Service or to prevent gay people from obtaining government jobs. The subjects were made to view erotic imagery; "homosexual words," as well as an early form of lie detector to measure perspiration and pulse. The so-called machine was supposed to measure the subject's pupil dilation (pupillary response test), in response to the erotic images and words. The crude apparatus was constructed by the RCMP's Identification Branch.
The research program was employed in Canada between 1960 and 1964-ish as part of a campaign to eliminate all gay men from the civil service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). Thousands of Canadians lost their jobs or resigned and many died by suicide. Although funding for the project was cut off in the late 1960s, the RCMP investigations continued, and the RCMP collected files on well over 9,000 people.[3][4]
The machine used a chair similar to that used by dentists. It had a pulley with a camera going towards the pupils, with a black box located in front of it that displayed pictures. The pictures ranged from the mundane to sexually explicit photos of men and women. It had previously been determined that the pupils would dilate in relation to the amount of interest in the picture, in a technique termed "the pupillary response test".[5]
People were first led to believe that the machine's purpose was to rate stress. After knowledge of its real purpose became widespread, few people volunteered for it.