Furfural

Furfural
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Furan-2-carbaldehyde
Other names
Furfural, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, pyromucic aldehyde
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.389 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H checkY
    Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
    Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYAD
  • c1cc(oc1)C=O
Properties
C5H4O2
Molar mass 96.085 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless oil
Odor Almond-like[1]
Density 1.1601 g/mL (20 °C)[2][3]
Melting point −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)[2]
Boiling point 162 °C (324 °F; 435 K)[2]
83 g/L[2]
Vapor pressure 2 mmHg (20 °C)[1]
−47.1×10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point 62 °C (144 °F; 335 K)
Explosive limits 2.1–19.3%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
300–500 mg/kg (oral, mice)[4]
  • 370 ppm (dog, 6 hr)
  • 175 ppm (rat, 6 hr)
  • 1037 ppm (rat, 1 hr)[5]
  • 370 ppm (mouse, 6 hr)
  • 260 ppm (rat)[5]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) [skin][1]
REL (Recommended)
 No established REL[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 100 ppm[1]
Related compounds
Related Furan-2-carbaldehydes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is only derived from dried biomass. In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.[6]

  1. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0297". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b c d Record of CAS RN 98-01-1 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  3. ^ Baird, Zachariah Steven; Uusi-Kyyny, Petri; Pokki, Juha-Pekka; et al. (6 Nov 2019). "Vapor Pressures, Densities, and PC-SAFT Parameters for 11 Bio-compounds". International Journal of Thermophysics. 40 (11): 102. Bibcode:2019IJT....40..102B. doi:10.1007/s10765-019-2570-9.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ull was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b "Furfural". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  6. ^ Peters, Fredus N. (1936). "The Furans: Fifteen Years of Progress". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 28 (7): 755–759. doi:10.1021/ie50319a002. ISSN 0019-7866.