G20

For other uses, see G20 (disambiguation).

G20
Group of Twenty
Predecessor2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit
Successor2025 G20 Johannesburg, South Africa summit
Formation26 September 1999 (25 years ago) (1999-09-26)
2008 (2008)
TypeInternational organization
PurposeBring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues in the global economy.[1]
Membership
21 members[a]
Chairman (Incumbent)
Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil
Websiteg20.org Edit this at Wikidata (in English)

The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).[2][3] It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, through annual meetings of Heads of State and Heads of Government.[4]

The sovereign states of the G20 (without its international members, like the EU or AU) account for around 85% of gross world product (GWP),[5] 75% of international trade, 56% of the global population,[5] and 60% of the world's land area. Including the EU and AU, the G20 comprises 78.9% of global population and 83.9% of global CO2 emissions from fossil energy.[6]

The G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises.[7] Since 2008, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each member's head of government or state, finance minister, or foreign minister, and other high-ranking officials; the EU is represented by the European Commission and the European Central Bank.[8][9][b] Other countries, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations are invited to attend the summits, some permanently. In 2023, during its 2023 summit, the African Union joined as its 21st member and was officially represented at the 2024 G20 summit in Brazil.

In its 2009 summit, the G20 declared itself the primary venue for international economic and financial cooperation.[10] The group's stature has risen during the subsequent decade, and it is recognised by analysts as exercising considerable global influence;[11] it is also criticised for its limited membership,[12] lack of enforcement powers,[13] and for the alleged undermining of existing international institutions.[12] Summits are often met with protests, particularly by anti-globalization groups.[14][15]

  1. ^ "FAQ #5: What are the criteria for G-20 membership?". Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. G20.org. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  2. ^ Pogge, Thomas (17 October 2023). "The African Union - Rising". Journal of Academics Stand Against Poverty. 3 (1). Department of Philosophy and Global Justice Program, Yale University, USA: 57–60. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10014908. ISSN 2690-3431. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  3. ^ "The G20 has agreed to make the African Union a permanent member, Indian PM Modi says". World. NPR. Associated Press. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  4. ^ "G20 Finance Ministers Committed to Sustainable Development". IPS News. 9 September 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  5. ^ a b "About". Rio Capital do G20. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  6. ^ "Internationale Statistik: G20". Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). 23 November 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  7. ^ "About The G20 – G20 Presidency of Indonesia". Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  8. ^ "Think Tanks". G20 Insights. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Past Summits"
  10. ^ "Officials: G-20 to supplant G-8 as international economic council". CNN. 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  11. ^ Global Politics. Andrew Heywood. 11 March 2014. ISBN 978-1-137-34926-2. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  12. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference setback was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Bosco, David (19 April 2012). "Who would replace Argentina on the G20?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  14. ^ French, Cameron; Pav Jordan (17 June 2010). "Toronto G20 protest hints at more to come". Reuters. Toronto. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  15. ^ Abedi, Maham (7 July 2017). "G20 protests: Why the international summit attracts so much anger". Hamburg. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.


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