Gamification

"Gamify" redirects here. For the Australian Children's TV series, see Gamify (TV series).
Not to be confused with Game theory.
Infographic explaining how to apply for and receive an Open Badge, a product of the Nordplus Adult project Open Badges for Adult Educators 2014-2016

Gamification is the attempt to enhance systems, services, organizations, and activities by simulating experiences similar to those experienced when playing games in order to motivate and engage users.[1] This is generally accomplished through the application of game design elements and game principles (dynamics and mechanics) in non-game contexts.[2][3]

Gamification is part of persuasive system design, and it commonly employs game design elements[4][2][5][6][3] to improve user engagement,[7][8][9] organizational productivity,[10] flow,[11][12][13] learning,[14][15] crowdsourcing,[16] knowledge retention,[17] employee recruitment and evaluation, ease of use, usefulness of systems,[13][18][19] physical exercise,[20] traffic violations,[21] voter apathy,[22][23] public attitudes about alternative energy,[24] and more. A collection of research on gamification shows that a majority of studies on gamification find it has positive effects on individuals.[25][5] However, individual and contextual differences exist.[26]

Gamification can be achieved using different game mechanics and elements which can be linked to 8 core drives when using the Octalysis framework.[27]

  1. ^ Hamari, J. (2019). "Gamification". The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Malden: Blackwell Pub. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1321. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-02-26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ a b Sebastian Deterding; Dan Dixon; Rilla Khaled; Lennart Nacke (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining 'gamification'. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference. pp. 9–15. doi:10.1145/2181037.2181040.
  3. ^ a b Robson, K.; Plangger, K.; Kietzmann, J.; McCarthy, I.; Pitt, L. (2015). "Is it all a game? Understanding the principles of gamification". Business Horizons. 58 (4): 411–420. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2015.03.006. S2CID 19170739.
  4. ^ Huotari, K.; Hamari, J. (2012). "Defining Gamification – A Service Marketing Perspective". Proceedings of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference 2012, Tampere, Finland, October 3–5. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
  5. ^ a b Hamari, Juho; Koivisto, Jonna; Sarsa, Harri (2014). "Does Gamification Work?—A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification". 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. pp. 3025–3034. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2014.377. ISBN 978-1-4799-2504-9. S2CID 8115805. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  6. ^ "Gamification Design Elements". Enterprise-Gamification.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
  7. ^ Hamari, Juho (2013). "Transforming Homo Economicus into Homo Ludens: A Field Experiment on Gamification in a Utilitarian Peer-To-Peer Trading Service". Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 12 (4): 236–245. doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2013.01.004. S2CID 207558946. Archived from the original on 2014-04-06. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  8. ^ Hamari, Juho (2015). "Do badges increase user activity? A field experiment on the effects of gamification". Computers in Human Behavior. 71: 469–478. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.036. S2CID 12168278. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  9. ^ Ruhi, Umar (2015-01-01). "Level Up Your Strategy: Towards a Descriptive Framework for Meaningful Enterprise Gamification". Technology Innovation Management Review. 5 (8): 5–16. arXiv:1605.09678. Bibcode:2016arXiv160509678R. doi:10.22215/timreview/918. ISSN 1927-0321. S2CID 4643782.
  10. ^ Zichermann, Gabe; Cunningham, Christopher (August 2011). "Introduction". Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps (1st ed.). Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly Media. p. xiv. ISBN 978-1-4493-1539-9. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  11. ^ Hamari, J.; Koivisto, J. (2014). "Measuring Flow in Gamification: Dispositional Flow Scale-2". Computers in Human Behavior. 40: 133–134. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.048. S2CID 10930665. Archived from the original on 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  12. ^ Procci, K.; Singer, A. R.; Levy, K. R.; Bowers, C. (2012). "Measuring the flow experience of gamers: An evaluation of the DFS-2". Computers in Human Behavior. 28 (6): 2306–2312. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.039.
  13. ^ a b Philipp Herzig; Susanne Strahringer; Michael Ameling (2012). Gamification of ERP Systems-Exploring Gamification Effects on User Acceptance Constructs (PDF). Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2012 (MKWI'12). pp. 793–804. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
  14. ^ Hamari, J.; Shernoff, D. J.; Rowe, E.; Coller. B.; Asbell-Clarke, J.; Edwards, T. (2014). "Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning". Computers in Human Behavior. 54: 133–134. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.045. S2CID 18525372. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  15. ^ Herger, Mario (July 17, 2014). "Gamification Facts & Figures". Enterprise-Gamification.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  16. ^ Morschheuser, Benedikt; Hamari, Juho; Koivisto, Jonna (2016). "Gamification in Crowdsourcing: A Review". 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). pp. 4375–4384. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2016.543. ISBN 978-0-7695-5670-3. S2CID 29654897. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  17. ^ Dincelli, Ersin; Chengalur-Smith, InduShobha (2020). "Choose your own training adventure: Designing a gamified SETA artefact for improving information security and privacy through interactive storytelling". European Journal of Information Systems. 29 (6): 669–687. doi:10.1080/0960085X.2020.1797546.
  18. ^ Hamari, Juho; Koivisto, Jonna (2015). "Why do people use gamification services?". International Journal of Information Management. 35 (4): 419–431. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.006. S2CID 205281251. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  19. ^ Philipp Herzig (2014). Gamification as a Service (Ph.D.). Archived from the original on 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
  20. ^ Hamari, Juho; Koivisto, Jonna (2015). ""Working out for likes": An empirical study on social influence in exercise gamification". Computers in Human Behavior. 50: 333–347. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.018. S2CID 16770937. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  21. ^ "The Speed Camera Lottery". TheFunTheory. Archived from the original on 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  22. ^ Furbert, Tinee (July 4, 2017). "Senator Furbert Educates Voters With Social App". BerNews Bermuda. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  23. ^ "Rethinking Elections With Gamification". HuffingtonPost. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-07-07.
  24. ^ Beck, Ariane; Rai, Varun (2016). "Serious Games in Breaking Informational Barriers in Solar Energy". SSRN 2816852.
  25. ^ Scorgie, D.; Feng, Z.; Paes, D.; Parisi, F.; Yiu, T.W.; Lovreglio, R. (March 2024). "Virtual reality for safety training: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis". Safety Science. 171: 106372. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106372. ISSN 0925-7535.
  26. ^ Koivisto, Jonna; Hamari, Juho (2015). "Demographic differences in perceived benefits from gamification". Computers in Human Behavior. 35: 179–188. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.007. S2CID 8408304. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  27. ^ "Framework". The Octalysis Group. 2023-09-15. Retrieved 2024-03-14.