Chemical compound
gamma -Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid ), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug . It is a precursor to GABA , glutamate , and glycine in certain brain areas. It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABAB receptor. GHB has been used in the medical setting as a general anesthetic and as treatment for cataplexy , narcolepsy , and alcoholism .[ 10] [ 11] The substance is also used illicitly for various reasons, including as a performance-enhancing drug , date rape drug , and as a recreational drug .[ 12]
It is commonly used in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB, sodium oxybate , or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (KGHB, potassium oxybate). GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef, and small citrus fruits.[ 13]
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.
^ "Pingers, pingas, pingaz: how drug slang affects the way we use and understand drugs" . The Conversation . 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2023 .
^ "GHB/GBL "G" " . Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024 .
^ Tay, E., Lo, W. K. W., & Murnion, B. (2022). Current Insights on the Impact of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Abuse. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 13, 13–23. doi :10.2147/SAR.S315720
^ "Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2024) Instrument 2024" . 30 May 2024.
^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023 .
^ "What is GHB?" (PDF) . Dea.gov . Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2022 .
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^ Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians . Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 42. ISBN 978-0763744625 .
^ a b Cite error: The named reference auto
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^ "Sodium Oxybate: MedlinePlus Drug Information" . Nlm.nih.gov. 28 July 2010. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010 .
^ Benzer TI, Cameron S (8 January 2007). VanDeVoort JT, Benitez JG (eds.). "Toxicity, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate" . eMedicine . Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2007 .
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^ Weil A , Winifred R (1993). "Depressants" . From Chocolate to Morphine (2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 77 . ISBN 978-0-395-66079-9 .