Gangga Negara

City of the Ganges
Gangga Negara (Malay)
c. 2nd century–1025/1026
Beruas, Manjung (as Dinding on the map above) was the presumed location of Gangga Negara, as seen in this map of British Malaya.
Beruas, Manjung (as Dinding on the map above) was the presumed location of Gangga Negara, as seen in this map of British Malaya.
CapitalBeruas
Common languagesOld Malay
Religion
Hindu
GovernmentMonarchy
Raja 
History 
• Establishment
c. 2nd century
• Defeated by Chola Empire
1025/1026
 Succeeded by
Kedah Kingdom
Today part ofMalaysia

Gangga Negara (literally City of the Ganges) was a semi-legendary Malay-Hindu kingdom mentioned in the Malay Annals. Researchers believe that the kingdom was centred at Beruas and it collapsed after an attack by King Rajendra Chola I of Tamilakam, between 1025 and 1026. According to another Malay annals, the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa known as the Kedah Annals, Gangga Negara may have been founded by Merong Mahawangsa's son Raja Ganji Sarjuna of Kedah, allegedly a descendant of Alexander the Great or by the Khmer royalties no later than the 2nd century.[1] Raja Gangga Shah Johan was one of its kings.

  1. ^ Brown, C.C. (1952). "The Malay Annals". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (2/3 (159)): 5–276. JSTOR 41502950. Retrieved 28 July 2022.