 A Initial (2×2 mm size) B Irradiated by different doses of 2 MeV electrons C Irradiated by different doses and then annealed at 800 °C (1,470 °F) |
Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it.[1] As a result, the gemstone's color may be significantly altered or the visibility of its inclusions may be lessened.
The process, widely practiced in jewelry industry,[2] is done in either a nuclear reactor for neutron bombardment, a particle accelerator for electron bombardment, or a gamma ray facility using the radioactive isotope cobalt-60.[1][3] The irradiation treatment has enabled the creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature.[1] However, the process, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor, can make gemstones radioactive. Health risks related to the residual radioactivity have led to government regulations in many countries.
- ^ a b c Hurlbut & Kammerling 1991, p. 170
- ^ Omi & Rela 2007, p. 1
- ^ Nuclear Regulatory Commission 2019