Gender apartheid

Gender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid[1][a] or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions.[4] Feminist scholar Phyllis Chesler, professor of psychology and women's studies, defines the phenomenon as "practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity".[5] Instances of gender apartheid lead not only to the social and economic disempowerment of individuals, but can also result in severe physical harm.[6]

  1. ^ "Claire Berlinski on Twitter".
  2. ^ Tim Ross (19 March 2011). "Peter Tatchell bids to overturn gay marriage ban at European Court of Human Rights". The Daily Telegraph (London).
  3. ^ Megan Murphy (31 July 2006). "British Lesbians Lose Bid to Validate Their Marriage" Archived 2015-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg News (New York).
  4. ^ "Apartheid". StandWithUs. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  5. ^ Chesler, Phyllis (2011). "Phyllis Chesler on Islamic gender apartheid". Phyllis Chesler Organization. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  6. ^ Löwstedt, Anthony (2014). Apartheid – Ancient, Past, and Present: Gross Racist Human Rights Violations in Graeco-Roman Egypt, South Africa, Israel/Palestine and Beyond, Vienna: Gesellschaft für Phänomenologie und kritische Anthropologie. Retrieved 10 March 2016.


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