Genomics

This article is about the scientific field. For the journal, see Genomics (journal).
"Genome biology" redirects here. For the journal with the same name, see Genome Biology.
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Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration.[1][2][3][4][excessive citations] In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of individual genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism's genes, their interrelations and influence on the organism.[5] Genes may direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules. In turn, proteins make up body structures such as organs and tissues as well as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells. Genomics also involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes through uses of high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to assemble and analyze the function and structure of entire genomes.[6][7] Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research and systems biology to facilitate understanding of even the most complex biological systems such as the brain.[8]

The field also includes studies of intragenomic (within the genome) phenomena such as epistasis (effect of one gene on another), pleiotropy (one gene affecting more than one trait), heterosis (hybrid vigour), and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.[9]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Franklin_1953 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Satzinger_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cremer_2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Rossi, M.J; Kuntala, P.K; Lai, W.K.M; Yamada, N; Badjatia, N; Mittal, C; Kuzu, G; Bocklund, K; Farrell, N.P; Blanda, T.R; Mairose, J.D; Basting, A.V; Mistretta, K.S; Rocco, D.J; Perkinson, E.S; Kellogg, G.D; Mahony, S; Pugh, B.F (March 2021). "A high-resolution protein architecture of the budding yeast genome". Nature. 592 (7853): 309–314. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..309R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03314-8. PMC 8035251. PMID 33692541.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference WHO_2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Klug_2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Culver_2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kadakkuzha_2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Pevsner_2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).