Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia (1921–1936) საქართველოს სოციალისტური საბჭოთა რესპუბლიკა (Georgian) Социалистическая Советская Республика Грузия (Russian) Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა (Georgian) Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Republic of Georgia (1990–1991) საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა (Georgian) Республика Грузия (Russian)
1921–1991
Flag (1951–1990) State emblem (1981–1990)
Motto: პროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით! (Georgian) Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, sheertdit! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
Anthem: საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი Sakartvelos sabch’ota sotsialist’uri resp’ublik’is sakhelmts’ipo himni "Anthem of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" (1946–1990) დიდება Dideba "Glory" (1990–1991)
Location of Georgia (red) within the Soviet Union
Status	Semi-independent state (1921–1922) Part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1922–1936) Union republic (1936–1991) De facto independent state (1990–1991)
Capital	Tbilisi 41°43′21″N 44°47′33″E / 41.72250°N 44.79250°E / 41.72250; 44.79250
Common languages	Georgian Russian Abkhaza Ossetianb Mingrelian Svan
Religion	State atheism
Government	1921–1990: Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic 1990–1991: Unitary multi-party parliamentary republic Apr.-Dec. 1991: Unitary multi-party semi-presidential republic
First Secretary
• 1921–1922 (first)	Mamia Orakhelashvili
• 1989–1990 (last)[1]	Givi Gumbaridze
Head of state
• 1922–1923 (first)	Filipp Makharadze
• 1990–1991 (last)	Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Head of government
• 1922 (first)	Polikarp Mdivani
• 1991 (last)	Besarion Gugushvili
Legislature	Supreme Soviet
History
• Soviet invasion and occupation	25 February 1921
• Formation	25 February 1921
• Admitted to USSR	30 December 1922
• TSFSR dissolved	5 December 1936
• Sovereignty declared	18 November 1989
• Renamed to Republic of Georgia	14 November 1990
• Independence declared	9 April 1991
• Independence recognized	26 December 1991
Currency	Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR)
Calling code	+7 881/882/883
Preceded by Succeeded by Democratic Republic of Georgia Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Georgia
Today part of	Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Russia
In the Abkhazian ASSR. In the South Ossetian AO.

The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic,^[2] also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its independence in 1991. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to the first occupation of annexation in the course of the 19th century. The Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. Until 1936 it was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed as a union republic within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.

Geographically, the Georgian SSR was bordered by Turkey to the south-west and the Black Sea to the west. Within the Soviet Union it bordered the Russian SFSR to the north, the Armenian SSR to the south and the Azerbaijan SSR to the south-east.