German submarine U-23 (1936)

	U-9, a typical Type IIB boat
History
Nazi Germany
Name	U-23
Ordered	2 February 1935
Builder	Germaniawerft, Kiel; Galați shipyard, Romania;
Yard number	553
Laid down	11 April 1936
Launched	28 August 1936
Commissioned	24 September 1936
Fate	Scuttled 11 September 1944, off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea
General characteristics
Class and type	Type IIB coastal submarine
Displacement	279 t (275 long tons) surfaced; 328 t (323 long tons) submerged;
Length	42.70 m (140 ft 1 in) o/a; 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in) pressure hull;
Beam	4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a); 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull);
Height	8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught	3.90 m (12 ft 10 in)
Installed power	700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels); 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric);
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 × diesel engines; 2 × electric motors;
Speed	13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced; 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged;
Range	1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced; 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged;
Test depth	80 m (260 ft)
Complement	3 officers, 22 men
Armament	3 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes; 5 × torpedoes or up to 12 TMA or 18 TMB mines; 1 × 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun;
Service record
Part of:	1st U-boat Flotilla; 1 September 1936 – 1 August 1939; 1 September 1939 – 30 June 1940 ; 21st U-boat Flotilla; 1 July 1940 – 26 Aug 1942; 30th U-boat Flotilla; 3 June 1943 – 10 September 1944;
Identification codes:	M 01 984
Commanders:	Kptlt. / K.Kapt. Eberhard Godt; 1 September 1936 – 3 January 1938; Kptlt. Hans-Günther Looff; 1936 / 37 – 30 September 1937; Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Otto Kretschmer; 1 October 1937 – 1 April 1940; Kptlt. Heinz Beduhn; 8 April – 19 May 1940; Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Driver; 20 May – 30 September 1940; Oblt.z.S. Kurt Reichenbach-Klinke; 1 October 1940 – 20 March 1941; Oblt.z.S. Ernst-Ulrich Brüller; 21 March – 23 September 1941; Oblt.z.S. Ulrich Gräf; 24 September 1941 – 26 March 1942; Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Rolf-Birger Wahlen; 27 March – 26 August 1942 ; 3 June 1943 – 19 June 1944; Oblt.z.S. Rudolf Arendt; 20 June – 10 September 1944;
Operations:	16 patrols:; 1st patrol:; 25 August – 4 September 1939; 2nd patrol:; a. 9 – 21 September 1939; b. 29 – 30 September 1939; 3rd patrol:; 1 – 16 October 1939; 4th patrol:; 1 – 9 November 1939; 5th patrol:; 5 – 15 December 1939; 6th patrol:; 8 – 15 January 1940; 7th patrol:; 18 – 29 January 1940; 8th patrol:; a. 9 – 25 February 1940; b. 26 – 28 February 1940; c. 9 – 10 April 1940; 9th patrol:; 13 April – 3 May 1940; 10th patrol:; a. 27 June – 16 July 1943; b. 18 – 19 July 1943; 11th patrol:; 10 August – 9 September 1943; 12th patrol:; 10 October – 11 November 1943; 13th patrol:; 14 December 1943 – 7 January 1944; 14th patrol:; 30 March – 24 April 1944; 15th patrol:; 17 May – 7 June 1944; 16th patrol:; 16 August – 10 September 1944;
Victories:	7 merchant ships sunk ; (11,179 GRT); 2 warships sunk ; (1,410 tons); 3 merchant ships total loss ; (18,199 GRT); 1 warship damaged ; (56 tons); 1 auxiliary warship damaged ; (1,005 GRT);

German submarine U-23 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built in Germaniawerft, Kiel. She was laid down on 11 April 1936 and commissioned on 24 September.

History
U-9, a typical Type IIB boat
Nazi Germany
Name	U-23
Ordered	2 February 1935
Builder	Germaniawerft, Kiel Galați shipyard, Romania
Yard number	553
Laid down	11 April 1936
Launched	28 August 1936
Commissioned	24 September 1936
Fate	Scuttled 11 September 1944, off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea
General characteristics
Class and type	Type IIB coastal submarine
Displacement	279 t (275 long tons) surfaced 328 t (323 long tons) submerged
Length	42.70 m (140 ft 1 in) o/a 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in) pressure hull
Beam	4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a) 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull)
Height	8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught	3.90 m (12 ft 10 in)
Installed power	700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels) 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 × diesel engines 2 × electric motors
Speed	13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged
Range	1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	80 m (260 ft)
Complement	3 officers, 22 men
Armament	3 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes 5 × torpedoes or up to 12 TMA or 18 TMB mines 1 × 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun
Service record
Part of:	1st U-boat Flotilla 1 September 1936 – 1 August 1939 1 September 1939 – 30 June 1940 21st U-boat Flotilla 1 July 1940 – 26 Aug 1942 30th U-boat Flotilla 3 June 1943 – 10 September 1944
Identification codes:	M 01 984
Commanders:	Kptlt. / K.Kapt. Eberhard Godt 1 September 1936 – 3 January 1938 Kptlt. Hans-Günther Looff 1936 / 37 – 30 September 1937 Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Otto Kretschmer 1 October 1937 – 1 April 1940 Kptlt. Heinz Beduhn 8 April – 19 May 1940 Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Driver 20 May – 30 September 1940 Oblt.z.S. Kurt Reichenbach-Klinke 1 October 1940 – 20 March 1941 Oblt.z.S. Ernst-Ulrich Brüller 21 March – 23 September 1941 Oblt.z.S. Ulrich Gräf 24 September 1941 – 26 March 1942 Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Rolf-Birger Wahlen 27 March – 26 August 1942 3 June 1943 – 19 June 1944 Oblt.z.S. Rudolf Arendt 20 June – 10 September 1944
Operations:	16 patrols: 1st patrol: 25 August – 4 September 1939 2nd patrol: a. 9 – 21 September 1939 b. 29 – 30 September 1939 3rd patrol: 1 – 16 October 1939 4th patrol: 1 – 9 November 1939 5th patrol: 5 – 15 December 1939 6th patrol: 8 – 15 January 1940 7th patrol: 18 – 29 January 1940 8th patrol: a. 9 – 25 February 1940 b. 26 – 28 February 1940 c. 9 – 10 April 1940 9th patrol: 13 April – 3 May 1940 10th patrol: a. 27 June – 16 July 1943 b. 18 – 19 July 1943 11th patrol: 10 August – 9 September 1943 12th patrol: 10 October – 11 November 1943 13th patrol: 14 December 1943 – 7 January 1944 14th patrol: 30 March – 24 April 1944 15th patrol: 17 May – 7 June 1944 16th patrol: 16 August – 10 September 1944
Victories:	7 merchant ships sunk (11,179 GRT) 2 warships sunk (1,410 tons) 3 merchant ships total loss (18,199 GRT) 1 warship damaged (56 tons) 1 auxiliary warship damaged (1,005 GRT)