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Calé, Gitanos | |
|---|---|
 Spanish Gypsies by Francis William Topham (c.1854-1855) | |
| Total population | |
| Estimated 650,000-1,500,000[1][2][3][4] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Andalusia, Valencia, Madrid and Catalonia[5] | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism, Evangelicalism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Romani people |
The Romani in Spain, generally known by the endonym Calé,[6] or the exonym gitanos (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈtanos]), belong to the Iberian Romani subgroup known as Calé, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as ciganos) and in Southern France (known as tsiganes). Their sense of identity and cohesion stems from their shared value system, expressed among gitanos as las leyes gitanas ('Gypsy laws').[7][8]
Traditionally, they maintain their social circles strictly within their patrigroups, as interaction between patrigroups increases the risk of feuding, which may result in fatalities.[9] The emergence of Pentecostalism has impacted this practice, as the lifestyle of Pentecostal gitanos involves frequent contact with Calé people from outside their own patrigroups during church services and meetings. Data on ethnicity are not collected in Spain, although the public pollster CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Calé present in Spain is probably around one million.[1]
- ^ a b "Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España" (PDF). Msc.es. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
- ^ "Estimations" (JPG). Gfbv.it. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
- ^ "The Situation of Roma in Spain" (PDF). Open Society Institute. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
The Spanish government estimates the number of Gitanos at a maximum of 650,000.
- ^ Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild, page 87-8 (09.2010 figures)
- ^ "Roma/Gypsies". Minority Rights Group. 19 June 2015.
- ^ West, Christina (2011). "Memory—Recollection—Culture—Identity—Space: Social Context, Identity Formation, and Self-construction of the Calé (Gitanos) in Spain". In Meusburger P.; Heffernan M.; Wunder E. (eds.). Cultural Memories. Knowledge and Space (Klaus Tschira Symposia) (PDF). Vol. 4. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 101–118. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8945-8_7. ISBN 978-90-481-8945-8.
- ^ Gay y Blasco, Paloma (20 December 2002). "'We don't know our descent': how the Gitanos of Jarana manage the past". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 7 (4): 631–647. doi:10.1111/1467-9655.00081.
- ^ Gay y Blasco, Paloma (September 2011). "Agata's story: singular lives and the reach of the 'Gitano law'". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 17 (3): 445–461. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01701.x.
- ^ Gay y Blasco, Paloma (2000). "The Politics of Evangelism: Hierarchy, Masculinity and Religious Conversion Among Gitanos". Romani Studies. 10 (1): 4.