Global apartheid

Fence between San Diego's border patrol offices in California (left) and Tijuana, Mexico. Militarized border controls that prevent people from the Global South from moving to the Global North are cited as an example of global apartheid[1]

Global apartheid is a term for a concept of how Global North countries are engaged in a project of "racialization, segregation, political intervention, mobility controls, capitalist plunder, and labor exploitation" affecting people from the Global South. Proponents of the concept argue that a close examination of the global system reveals it to be a kind of apartheid writ large with striking resemblance to the system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to 1994, but based on borders and national sovereignty.[1]

The concept of global apartheid has been developed by many researchers, including Titus Alexander,[2] Bruno Amoroso,[3] Patrick Bond,[4] Gernot Kohler,[5] Arjun Makhijiani,[6] Ali Mazuri,[7][8] Vandana Shiva,[9] Anthony H. Richmond,[10] Joseph Nevins,[11] Muhammed Asadi,[12] Gustav Fridolin,[13] and many others. More recent references are in Falk's Re-Framing the International,[14] Amoroso's Global apartheid: globalisation, economic marginalisation, political destabilisation,[15] Peterson's A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy,[16] Jones's Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner's Guide[17] and Global Human Smuggling by Kyle and Koslowski,[18] and New Social Movements in the African Diaspora: Challenging Global Apartheid.[19] and Bosak's Kairos, Crisis, and Global Apartheid[20]

  1. ^ a b Besteman, Catherine (2019). "Militarized Global Apartheid". Current Anthropology. 60 (S19): S26–S38. doi:10.1086/699280. S2CID 149961009.
  2. ^ Titus Alexander, Unravelling Global Apartheid: An Overview of World Politics, Polity Press, 1996
  3. ^ Bruno Amoroso, Global Apartheid. Economics and Society, Federico Caffè Center, Roskilde, Città di Castello, 2004
  4. ^ Patrick Bond, Against Global Apartheid: South Africa Meets the World Bank, IMF and International Finance, Zed Books Ltd; 2nd edition February 2004
  5. ^ Gernot Kohler, Global Apartheid, Working Paper No 7, World Order Models Project, New York, 1978
  6. ^ Arjun Makhijiani, From Global Capitalism to Economic Justice, Apex Press, 1992
  7. ^ Ali Mazuri in conversation with Fouad Kalouche, Universalism, Global Apartheid, and Justice
  8. ^ Adekeye Adebajo, James Jonah, Ali A. Mazrui and Tor Sellstrom, From Global Apartheid to Global Village: Africa and the United Nations, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Aug 2009; Leith Mullings, New Social Movements in the African Diaspora: Challenging Global Apartheid (Critical Black Studies) February 2010
  9. ^ Vandana Shiva, 'The New Environmental Order' Third World Resurgence, 20 April 1992, Third World Network, Penang, Malaysia, p 2 -3
  10. ^ Anthony H Richmond, Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism and the New World Order, Oxford University Press, Ontario, 1995
  11. ^ Joseph Nevins, Dying to Live: A Story of U.S. Immigration in an Age of Global Apartheid (Open Media), City Lights Books, October 2008
  12. ^ Muhammed A. Asadi, Global Apartheid, iUniverse, February 2003
  13. ^ Per Gustav Edvard Fridolin, Från Vittsjö till världen - om global apartheid och alla vi som vill någon annanstans (From Vittsjö to the world - about global apartheid and everyone of us that want to go somewhere), 2006
  14. ^ Falk, Richard A. (2002). Reframing the International Law, Culture, Politics. Routledge. pp. 107–133. ISBN 978-1-136-70209-9. OCLC 999172548.
  15. ^ Amoroso, Bruno (2003). Global apartheid: globalisation, economic marginalisation, political destabilisation. Roskilde University, Dept. of Social Sciences. ISBN 87-7349-590-5. OCLC 71725346.
  16. ^ Peterson, V. Spike (2004-03-01). "A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy: Integrating Reproductive, Productive and Virtual Economies". Routledge: 10. doi:10.4324/9780203380826. ISBN 9780203380826. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ Jones, Adam (2012). Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner's Guide. Oneworld Publications. pp. Chapter 9. ISBN 9781780741468.
  18. ^ Kyle, David; Koslowski, Rey (2011). Global human smuggling : comparative perspectives. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0198-0. OCLC 810545259.
  19. ^ Marable, Manning; Mullings, Leith (2016). New social movements in the African diaspora: challenging global apartheid. Springer. ISBN 9780230104570. OCLC 326570155.
  20. ^ Boesak, Allan Aubrey (2016). Kairos, crisis, and global apartheid: the challenge to prophetic resistance. Springer. ISBN 9781137495310. OCLC 960423741.