Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the glottal fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have, while some[who?] do not consider them to be consonants at all. However, glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages. For example, in Literary Arabic, most words are formed from a root C-C-C consisting of three consonants, which are inserted into templates such as /CaːCiC/ or /maCCuːC/. The glottal consonants /h/ and /ʔ/ can occupy any of the three root consonant slots, just like "normal" consonants such as /k/ or /n/.

The glottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows:

IPA Description Example
Language Orthography IPA Meaning
ʔ glottal stop Hawaiian okina [ʔo.ˈki.na] ʻOkina
ɦ breathy-voiced glottal fricative Czech Praha [ˈpra.ɦa] Prague
h voiceless glottal fricative English hat [ˈhæt] hat
ʔ͡h voiceless glottal affricate Yuxi dialect [ʔ͡ho˥˧] 'can, may'
ʔ̞ voiced glottal approximant Gimi ogo [oʔ̞o] 'a grub'