Glucokinase

GCK
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1V4S, 1V4T, 3A0I, 3F9M, 3FGU, 3FR0, 3GOI, 3H1V, 3ID8, 3IDH, 3QIC, 3S41, 3VEV, 3VEY, 3VF6, 4DCH, 4DHY, 4ISE, 4ISF, 4ISG, 4IWV, 4IXC, 4L3Q, 4LC9, 3IMX, 4MLE, 4MLH, 4NO7, 4RCH
Identifiers
Aliases	GCK, FGQTL3, GK, GLK, HHF3, HK4, HKIV, HXKP, LGLK, MODY2, glucokinase
External IDs	OMIM: 138079; MGI: 1270854; HomoloGene: 55440; GeneCards: GCK; OMA:GCK - orthologs
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[1] Band 11 A1|11 3.88 cM Start 5,850,820 bp[1] End 5,900,081 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) n/a Top expressed in left lobe of liver islet of Langerhans lens muscle of thigh pituitary gland epithelium of lens myocardium of ventricle embryo triceps brachii muscle embryo BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding mannokinase activity hexokinase activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor glucose binding kinase activity catalytic activity protein binding fructokinase activity ATP binding glucokinase activity Cellular component cytoplasm mitochondrion nucleus nucleoplasm cytosol Biological process regulation of potassium ion transport positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process NADP metabolic process glycolytic process glucose homeostasis phosphorylation regulation of insulin secretion canonical glycolysis cellular glucose homeostasis calcium ion import carbohydrate phosphorylation cellular response to leptin stimulus negative regulation of gluconeogenesis cellular response to insulin stimulus metabolism positive regulation of insulin secretion glucose metabolic process detection of glucose regulation of glycolytic process carbohydrate metabolic process glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2645 103988 Ensembl ENSG00000106633 ENSMUSG00000041798 UniProt P35557 P52792 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_033508 NM_000162 NM_033507 NM_010292 NM_001287386 RefSeq (protein) NP_000153 NP_277042 NP_277043 NP_001341729 NP_001341730 NP_001341731 NP_001341732 NP_001274315 NP_034422 Location (UCSC) n/a Chr 11: 5.85 – 5.9 Mb PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
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Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of humans and most other vertebrates. In each of these organs it plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by acting as a glucose sensor, triggering shifts in metabolism or cell function in response to rising or falling levels of glucose, such as occur after a meal or when fasting. Mutations of the gene for this enzyme can cause unusual forms of diabetes or hypoglycemia.

Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme, related homologously to at least three other hexokinases.^[4] All of the hexokinases can mediate phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is the first step of both glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. However, glucokinase is coded by a separate gene and its distinctive kinetic properties allow it to serve a different set of functions. Glucokinase has a lower affinity for glucose than the other hexokinases do, and its activity is localized to a few cell types, leaving the other three hexokinases as more important preparers of glucose for glycolysis and glycogen synthesis for most tissues and organs. Because of this reduced affinity, the activity of glucokinase, under usual physiological conditions, varies substantially according to the concentration of glucose.^[5]