Goguryeo

Not to be confused with Goryeo (918~1392).

Goguryeo (Goryeo)
高句麗 (Korean) (Hanja)
고구려 (Korean) (Hangul)
高麗 (Korean) (Hanja)
고려 (Korean) (Hangul)
Goryeo
句麗 (Old Korean)
Korean alphabet: (구려)
IPA-Notation: (kuɾ.jʌ̹)
Yale: Kwulye (RR: Guryeo)
37 BC[a]–AD 668
Motto: 천제지자 (천제의 자손)
天帝之子
"Son of God"[1]
Goguryeo (Goryeo) in AD 476
Goguryeo (Goryeo) in AD 476
StatusKingdom/Empire
CapitalJolbon
(37 BC – AD 3)
Gungnae
(3–427)
Pyongyang
(427–668)
Common languagesGoguryeo (Koreanic),
Classical Chinese (literary)
Ethnic groups
Yemaek
Religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Taewang (King) 
• 37–19 BC
Dongmyeong (first)
• 391–413
Gwanggaeto
• 413–491
Jangsu
• 590–618
Yeongyang
• 642–668
Bojang (last)
Grand Prime Minister [ko] 
• 642–665
Yeon Gaesomun (first)
• 666–668
Yeon Namgeon (last)
LegislatureJega Council [ko]
Historical eraAncient
• Establishment
37 BC[a]
• Introduction of Buddhism in Korea
372
• Campaigns of Gwanggaeto the Great
391–413
598–614
645–668
• Fall of Pyongyang
AD 668
Population
• 7th century[4]
approximately 3,500,000 (697,000 households)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Buyeo
Unified Silla
Balhae
Protectorate General to Pacify the East
Today part ofNorth Korea
South Korea
China
Mongolia
Russia
Goguryeo (Korean: 고구려)
Goryeo (Korean: 고려)
Statue of Jumong at the Tomb of King Tongmyŏng in Pyongyang, North Korea
Korean name
Hangul
고구려
Hanja
高句麗
Revised RomanizationGoguryeo
McCune–ReischauerKoguryŏ
IPA[ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ]
Alternative Korean name
Hangul
고려
Hanja
高麗
Revised RomanizationGoryeo
McCune–ReischauerKoryŏ
IPA[ko.ɾjʌ]
Old Korean
Hangul
구려[5][6]
Hanja
句麗
Revised RomanizationGuryeo
McCune–ReischauerKuryŏ
IPA[ku.ɾjʌ]
Monarchs of Korea
Goguryeo
  1. Chumo c. 37–19 BC
  2. Yuri 19 BC–18 AD
  3. Daemusin 18–44
  4. Minjung 44–48
  5. Mobon 48–53
  6. Taejodae 53–146
  7. Chadae 146–165
  8. Sindae 165–179
  9. Gogukcheon 179–197
  10. Sansang 197–227
  11. Dongcheon 227–248
  12. Jungcheon 248–270
  13. Seocheon 270–292
  14. Bongsang 292–300
  15. Micheon 300–331
  16. Gogugwon 331–371
  17. Sosurim 371–384
  18. Gogugyang 384–391
  19. Gwanggaeto the Great 391–413
  20. Jangsu 413–491
  21. Munja 491–519
  22. Anjang 519–531
  23. Anwon 531–545
  24. Yangwon 545–559
  25. Pyeongwon 559–590
  26. Yeongyang 590–618
  27. Yeongnyu 618–642
  28. Bojang 642–668
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Northern and Southern period
United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–892
Balhae 698–926
Little Goguryeo 699–820
Tamna (Tributary of Silla) 662–925
Later Three Kingdoms period
Later Baekje 892–936
Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918
Unified Silla (Later Silla) 892–935
Later Sabeol 919–927
Dongdan Kingdom 926–936
Later Balhae 927–935
Jeongan 938–986
Dynastic period
Goryeo 918–1392
Tamna (Vassal of Goryeo) 938–1105
Heungyo 1029–1030
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Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period
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Goguryeo (37 BC[a] – 668 AD) (Korean: 고구려; Hanja: 高句麗; RR: Goguryeo; lit. high castle; Korean pronunciation: [ko̞.ɡu.ɾjʌ̹]; Old Korean: Guryeo)[8] also later known as Goryeo (Korean: 고려; Hanja: 高麗; RR: Goryeo; lit. high and beautiful; Korean pronunciation: [ko.ɾjʌ]; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, kwòwlyéy),[9] was a Korean kingdom[10][11][12][13] which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern-day Northeast China (Manchuria). At its peak of power, Goguryeo encompassed most of the Korean Peninsula and large parts of Manchuria, along with parts of eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and modern-day Russia.[14][15][16]

Along with Baekje and Silla, Goguryeo was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan.

The Samguk sagi, a 12th-century text from Goryeo, indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BC by Jumong, a prince from Buyeo, who was enthroned as Dongmyeong.

Goguryeo was one of the great powers in East Asia[17][18][19] until its defeat by a Silla–Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife following the death of Yeon Gaesomun.[20] After its fall, its territory was divided between the Tang dynasty, Later Silla and Balhae.

The name "Goryeo" (alternatively spelled "Koryŏ"), a shortened form of Goguryeo (Koguryŏ), was adopted as the official name in the 5th century,[21] and is the origin of the English name "Korea".[22]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ 昔始祖鄒牟王之創基也, 出自北夫餘, 天帝之子, 母河伯女郞. 剖卵降世, 生而有聖□□□□. □命駕, 巡幸南下, 路由夫餘奄利大水. 王臨津言曰, 我是皇天之子, 母河伯女郞, 鄒牟王. 爲我連葭浮龜, 應聲卽爲連葭浮龜. 然後造渡, 於沸流谷忽本西, 城山上而建都焉. 不樂世位, 因遣黃龍來下迎王. 王於忽本東罡, 履龍頁昇天.顧命世子儒留王, 以道興治, 大朱留王紹承基業. , 국사편찬위원회〔사료 2-2-01〕 광개토대왕비 소재 주몽 신화
  2. ^ Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 2014, Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, pp. 44–49, 52–60.
  3. ^ "Koguryo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
  4. ^ 조상헌 (1997). 고구려 인구에 관한 시론.
  5. ^ 《汉书·地理志》：玄菟、乐浪，武帝时置，皆朝鲜、濊貉、句骊蛮夷。
  6. ^ 《享太庙乐章·钧天舞》：高皇迈道，端拱无为。化怀獯鬻，兵赋勾骊。
  7. ^ "Panorama of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs DPRK. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  8. ^ 고구려(高句麗). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  9. ^ '고려의 국호 Institute of the Korean Language. 2023-02-04.]
  10. ^ "Koguryŏ | ancient kingdom, Korea". Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  11. ^ Barnes, Gina (2013). State Formation in Korea: Emerging Elites. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-136-84104-0.
  12. ^ Narangoa, Li; Cribb, Robert (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. Columbia University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-231-16070-4.
  13. ^ Wechsler, Howard J. (1979). "T'ai-tsung (reign 626–49) the consolidator". In Twitchett, Denis (ed.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 3, Sui and T'ang China, AD 589–906, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-521-21446-9.
  14. ^ Kim, Hakjoon (1995). Rediscovering Russia in Asia: Siberia and the Russian Far East. Routledge. p. 303.
  15. ^ Bedeski, Robert (2021). Dynamics Of The Korean State: From The Paleolithic Age To Candlelight Democracy. WSPC. p. 133. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  16. ^ Matray, James (2016). Crisis in a Divided Korea: A Chronology and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 7. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  17. ^ Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). The History of the World. Oxford University Press. p. 443. ISBN 978-0199936762. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  18. ^ Gardner, Hall (2007). Averting Global War: Regional Challenges, Overextension, and Options for American Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-0230608733. Retrieved 15 July 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  19. ^ Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. UNESCO. p. 1133. ISBN 978-9231028137. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Graff200 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ 디지털 삼국유사 사전, 박물지 시범개발. 문화콘텐츠닷컴. Korea Creative Content Agency. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  22. ^ Callahan, William A. (2012). China: The Pessoptimist Nation. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-960439-5. On the Korean side, Koguryo is central to national identity: the name "Korea" comes from this ethnic Korean kingdom.