Gonadarche (/ˌɡoʊnəˈdɑːrki/) refers to the earliest gonadal (reproductive gland) changes of puberty.[1] In response to pituitarygonadotropins, the ovaries in females and the testes in males begin to grow and increase the production of the sex steroids, especially estradiol and testosterone.[2] The ovary and testis have receptors, follicle cells and leydig cells, respectively, where gonadotropins bind to stimulate the maturation of the gonads and secretion of estrogen and testosterone.[3] Certain disorders can result in changes to timing or nature of these processes.
In males, gonadarche is responsible for testicular enlargement and virilization.[4]
In females, gonadarche is responsible for thelarche and menarche (first menstruation).[4]
Gonadarche should be contrasted with adrenarche. Gonadarche indicates that true central puberty has begun, while adrenarche is an independent maturational process only loosely associated with complete puberty.[5]
^Weiner IB, Freedheim DK, Schinka JA, Velicer WF, Lerner RM (2003). Handbook of Psychology. John Wiley and Sons. p. 298. ISBN0-471-38405-4.