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Gonzalo Thought (Spanish: Pensamiento Gonzalo), also known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought and Gonzaloism,[1] is an ideological doctrine developed by Peruvian revolutionary Abimael Guzmán (also known as Chairman Gonzalo) as an interpretation of Peruvian reality based on Marxism–Leninism–Maoism.
Anti-revisionist in nature, Gonzalo Thought was the ideological basis of the Communist Party of Peru—Shining Path (PCP-SL) and the trigger for the Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000.[2][3] The ideology is based on the synthesized philosophies of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, and José Carlos Mariátegui. The term "Gonzalo Thought" comes from the alias used by Abimael Guzmán, "Chairman Gonzalo", who was considered by his followers to be the "Fourth Sword of Marxism", a direct successor to Marx, Lenin, and Mao.[1][4]
Although initially raised from the Peruvian reality through a Marxist analysis, Gonzalo Thought expanded to culture, society and language outside Peru and formed the ideological basis of revolutionary groups abroad.[5]
Gonzalo Thought is characterized as anti-democratic and authoritarian. Its adherents put it into practice on their way to implement the People's Republic of New Democracy through the doctrine of "protracted people's war," often entailing terrorist actions to intimidate the population.[2][5]
After the capture of Abimael Guzmán in 1992, various currents claimed to maintain Gonzalo Thought (among them Sendero Rojo or the MOVADEF[6][7]) while other Sendero leaders, such as Comrade José (Víctor Quispe Palomino), renounced Gonzalo Thought altogether and adopted other ideological lines or simply turned to drug trafficking.[8]
- ^ a b "Qué es el maoísmo, la ideología en la que se inspiró Abimael Guzmán y por la que desencadenó en Perú una guerra sangrienta". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ a b adminpucp (2012-01-19). ""El pensamiento Gonzalo no es una idea democrática"". IDEHPUCP (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ "Preguntas frecuentes – Terrorismo Nunca Más". www.congreso.gob.pe. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ Galway, Matthew (2021-09-28). "The Final Sheathing of La Cuarta Espada". Made in China Journal. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ a b Shakespeare, Nicholas (2019-05-30). "The thoughts of Chairman Gonzalo". The Spectator. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ Aznárez, Juan Jesús (1994-09-24). "De Sendero Luminoso a Sendero Rojo". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ Moncada, Andrea (September 13, 2021). "An Unlikely Gift to Peru's President". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (2023-07-05). "Justicia de Perú emite orden de captura contra los hermanos Palomino, líderes de Sendero". SWI swissinfo.ch (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2024-02-12.