Google Books Ngram Viewer

Example of an Ngram query

The Google Books Ngram Viewer is an online search engine that charts the frequencies of any set of search strings using a yearly count of n-grams found in printed sources published between 1500 and 2022[1][2][3][4] in Google's text corpora in English, Chinese (simplified), French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Russian, or Spanish.[1][2][5] There are also some specialized English corpora, such as American English, British English, and English Fiction.[6]

The program can search for a word or a phrase, including misspellings or gibberish.[5] The n-grams are matched with the text within the selected corpus, and if found in 40 or more books, are then displayed as a graph.[6] The Google Books Ngram Viewer supports searches for parts of speech and wildcards.[6] It is routinely used in research.[7][8]

  1. ^ a b Michael, Jean-Baptiste; Shen, Yuan K.; Aiden, Aviva P.; Veres, Adrian; Gray, Matthew K.; The Google Books Team; Pickett, Joseph P.; Hoiberg, Dale; Clancy, Dan; Norvig, Peter; Orwant, Jon; Pinker, Steven; Nowak, Martin A.; Aiden, Erez L. (2010). "Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books". Science. 331 (6014): 176–182. doi:10.1126/science.1199644. PMC 3279742. PMID 21163965.
  2. ^ a b Bosker, Bianca (2010-12-17). "Google Ngram Database Tracks Popularity Of 500 Billion Words". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  3. ^ Lance Whitney (2010-12-17). "Google's Ngram Viewer: A time machine for wordplay". Cnet.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ^ @searchliaison (July 13, 2020). "The Google Books Ngram Viewer has now been updated with fresh data through 2019" (Tweet). Retrieved 2020-08-11 – via Twitter.
  5. ^ a b "Google Books Ngram Viewer - University at Buffalo Libraries". Lib.Buffalo.edu. 2011-08-22. Archived from the original on 2013-07-02. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  6. ^ a b c "Google Books Ngram Viewer - Information". Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  7. ^ Greenfield, Patricia M. (2013). "The Changing Psychology of Culture From 1800 Through 2000". Psychological Science. 24 (9): 1722–1731. doi:10.1177/0956797613479387. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 23925305. S2CID 6123553.
  8. ^ Younes, Nadja; Reips, Ulf-Dietrich (2018). "The changing psychology of culture in German-speaking countries: A Google Ngram study". International Journal of Psychology. 53: 53–62. doi:10.1002/ijop.12428. PMID 28474338. S2CID 7440938.