Government of Japan 日本国政府 | |
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| Polity type | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution | Constitution of Japan |
| Formation | 1868 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | National Diet |
| Meeting place | National Diet Building |
| Upper house | |
| Name | House of Councillors |
| Presiding officer | Hidehisa Otsuji, President of the House of Councillors |
| Lower house | |
| Name | House of Representatives |
| Presiding officer | Fukushiro Nukaga, Speaker of the House of Representatives |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of state | |
| Title | Emperor |
| Currently | Naruhito |
| Head of government | |
| Title | Prime Minister |
| Currently | Shigeru Ishiba |
| Appointer | Emperor |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Cabinet of Japan |
| Current cabinet | Ishiba Cabinet |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Appointer | Prime Minister |
| Headquarters | Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei (Prime Minister's Office of Japan) |
| Judicial branch | |
| Supreme Court of Japan | |
| Seat | Chiyoda, Tokyo |
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 Japan portal |
| Government of Japan | |||||
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| Japanese name | |||||
| Kanji | 日本国政府 | ||||
| Hiragana | にほんこくせいふ (formal) にっぽんこくせいふ (informal) | ||||
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The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. It consists of legislative, executive and judiciary branches and is based on popular sovereignty, functioning under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947. Japan is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its head of state.[1] His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to the Government.[2] Instead, it is the Cabinet, comprising the Prime Minister and the Ministers of State, that directs and controls the government and the civil service. The Cabinet has the executive power and is formed by the prime minister, who is the head of government.[3][4] The Prime Minister is nominated by the National Diet and appointed to office by the Emperor.[5][6] The current cabinet is Ishiba Cabinet, was formed on 1 October 2024, is led by the prime minister Shigeru Ishiba who assumed office on 1 October 2024. The country has had a Liberal Democratic–Komeito coalition government since 2012.
The National Diet is the legislature, the organ of the Legislative branch. The Diet is bicameral, consisting of two houses with the House of Councilors being the upper house, and the House of Representatives being the lower house. The members of both houses of the Diet are directly elected by the people, who are the source of sovereignty.[7] The Diet is defined as the supreme organ of sovereignty in the Constitution. The Supreme Court and other lower courts make up the Judicial branch and have all the judicial powers in the state. The Supreme Court has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the constitution and the power of judicial review. The judicial branch is independent from the executive and the legislative branches.[8] Judges are nominated or appointed by the Cabinet and never removed by the executive or the legislature except during impeachment.
The Government of Japan is based in the capital of Tokyo, where the National Diet Building, the Imperial Palace, the Supreme Court, the Prime Minister's Office and the ministries are all located.
- ^ "The World Factbook Japan". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 4(1), Section 1". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 65, Section 5". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 68(1), Section 5". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 67(1), Section 5". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 6(1), Section 1". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 1, Section 1". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Article 76(2), Section 6". Constitution of Japan. 1947. Retrieved 5 September 2015.