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The office of Governor of Montevideo was created shortly after the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 by Ferdinand VI of Spain, with the objective of establishing more effective control of the Banda Oriental (left bank) area of the Río de la Plata, present day Uruguay.
The Banda Oriental had been awarded to Spain as a term of the Treaty of Madrid. It was within the Viceroyalty of Peru (1750−1776), the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (colonial Argentina region, 1776−1814), the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (.