Principality of Great Perm Ыджыт Перем Öксуму, 𐍨𐍓𐍖𐍨𐍢 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍔𐍜 𐍞𐍚𐍡𐍣𐍜𐍣 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1323–1505 | |||||||||
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| Capital | Cherdyn, Pokcha | ||||||||
| Common languages | Komi Old East Slavic | ||||||||
| Religion | Komi polytheism, Russian Orthodox | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Prince of Great Perm | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• First mention | 1323 | ||||||||
• Annexed by Grand Duchy of Moscow | 1505 | ||||||||
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Great Perm (Permyak: Ыджыт Перем Öксуму, Ydžyt Perem Öksumu; Old Permic, 𐍨𐍓𐍖𐍨𐍢 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍔𐍜 𐍞𐍚𐍡𐍣𐍜𐍣) or simply Perm, in Latin Permia,[1] was a medieval historical region in what is now the Perm Krai of the Russian Federation. Cherdyn is said to have been its capital.[2]
The origin of the name Perm is uncertain. Most common explanation derives the name "Perm" from "parma" ("forested highlands" in Komi language). While the city of Perm is a modern foundation named for Permia, the town of Cherdyn was reportedly itself known as the capital of "Great Perm" in the past. Cherdyn acted as a central market town, and it is sometimes suggested that perm was simply a term for "merchants" or "market" in a local language,[3] but there have been other suggestions.[4] The same name is likely reflected in the toponym Bjarmaland in Norse sagas.[5] The general region of Great Perm was known as wisu (وِيسُو wīsū) in medieval Arab ethnography, so referred to in the works of Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Al-Gharnati, Zakariya al-Qazwini and Yaqut al-Hamawi (in his Dictionary of Countries). The term is perhaps derived from the name of the Ves' people who settled around Lake Ladoga and the upper Sukhona River.[6]
- ^ Introduction to Latin epigraphy (Введение в латинскую эпиграфику) Archived 2021-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Article on Cherdyn at uraltourism.com.
- ^ Ferdinand Heinrich Müller, Der ugrische Volksstamm, oder Untersuchungen über die Ländergebiete am Ural und am Kaukasus, in historischer, geographischer und ethnographischer Beziehung (1839), 334.
- ^ E.g. Allan S. C. Ross, "OWN Bjarmar : Russian Perm", Leeds Studies in English and Kindred Languages 6 (1937), 5-13. Ross (1937) suggests that the name is from an Old Norse term for "edge, shore", the bjarmar being the "people from the edge", a name which would then have been taken over by the population and changed to permi.
- ^ Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 33, p. 425.
- ^ Janet Martin, 'Treasure from the Land of Darkness:The Fur Trade and its significance for Medieval Russia',1986,page 7