Gregory Winter

For the American journalist, see Greg Winter (journalist).

Sir
Gregory Winter
CBE FRS FMedSci
Winter in 2016
Master of Trinity College, Cambridge
In office
2012–2019
Preceded byBaron Rees of Ludlow
Succeeded byDame Sally Davies
Personal details
Born
Gregory Paul Winter

(1951-04-14) 14 April 1951 (age 73)
Leicester, Leicestershire, England
WebsiteLMB web page
EducationRoyal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge (MA, PhD)
Known forCambridge Antibody Technology
Domantis[4]
Bicycle Therapeutics[5]
Antibody engineering
AwardsColworth Medal (1986)
EMBO Member (1987)[1]
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1989)[2]
Knight Bachelor (2004)
Royal Medal (2011)
Prince Mahidol Award (2016)[3]
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2018)
Copley Medal (2024)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Imperial College London
ThesisThe amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1977)
Doctoral advisorBrian S. Hartley

Sir Gregory Paul Winter CBE FRS FMedSci (born 14 April 1951)[6][7] is a Nobel Prize-winning English molecular biologist best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. His research career has been based almost entirely at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, in Cambridge, England.

He is credited with having invented techniques to both humanize (1986) and, later, to fully humanize using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.[5][8][9][10][11][12][13] Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them.[6][14][15][16][17][18] For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.[19][20]

He is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge on 2 October 2012, remaining in office until 2019. From 2006 to 2011, he was Deputy Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, acting Director from 2007 to 2008 and Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic Acids Chemistry from 1994 to 2006. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to its closure in 2010.[21][22]

  1. ^ "EMBO MEMBER: Gregory P. Winter". people.embo.org.
  2. ^ "Doctor Gregory P. WINTER | Jeantet". 1 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Announcement of the Prince Mahidol Award 2016". princemahidolaward.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference domantis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b The Scientific Founders Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine of Bicycle Therapeutics Ltd. – Christian Heinis and Sir Greg Winter, FRS.
  6. ^ a b "WINTER, Sir Gregory (Paul)". Who's Who. Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Sir Gregory P. Winter – Facts – 2018". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. ^ McCafferty, J.; Griffiths, A.; Winter, G.; Chiswell, D. (1990). "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains". Nature. 348 (6301): 552–554. Bibcode:1990Natur.348..552M. doi:10.1038/348552a0. PMID 2247164. S2CID 4258014.
  9. ^ "Trinity College Cambridge". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
  10. ^ Gregory Winter's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  11. ^ Winter, G; Griffiths, A. D.; Hawkins, R. E.; Hoogenboom, H. R. (1994). "Making antibodies by phage display technology". Annual Review of Immunology. 12: 433–455. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002245. PMID 8011287.
  12. ^ Griffiths, A. D.; Williams, S. C.; Hartley, O; Tomlinson, I. M.; Waterhouse, P; Crosby, W. L.; Kontermann, R. E.; Jones, P. T.; Low, N. M.; Allison, T. J. (1994). "Isolation of high affinity human antibodies directly from large synthetic repertoires". The EMBO Journal. 13 (14): 3245–60. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06626.x. PMC 395221. PMID 8045255.
  13. ^ Hoogenboom, H. R.; Griffiths, A. D.; Johnson, K. S.; Chiswell, D. J.; Hudson, P.; Winter, G. (1991). "Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: Methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains". Nucleic Acids Research. 19 (15): 4133–4137. doi:10.1093/nar/19.15.4133. PMC 328552. PMID 1908075.
  14. ^ Anon (2011). "The inventor of humanized monoclonal antibodies and cofounder of Cambridge Antibody Technology, Greg Winter, muses on the future of antibody therapeutics and UK life science innovation". Nature Biotechnology. 29 (3): 190. doi:10.1038/nbt.1815. PMID 21390009. S2CID 205275386.
  15. ^ Winter, G.; Fields, S.; Brownlee, G. G. (1981). "Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of a human influenza virus H1 subtype". Nature. 292 (5818): 72–5. Bibcode:1981Natur.292...72W. doi:10.1038/292072a0. PMID 7278968. S2CID 4312205. Closed access icon
  16. ^ Fields, S.; Winter, G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1981). "Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/PR/8/34". Nature. 290 (5803): 213–7. Bibcode:1981Natur.290..213F. doi:10.1038/290213a0. PMID 7010182. S2CID 8051512. Closed access icon
  17. ^ Riechmann, L.; Clark, M.; Waldmann, H.; Winter, G. (1988). "Reshaping human antibodies for therapy". Nature. 332 (6162): 323–7. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..323R. doi:10.1038/332323a0. PMID 3127726. S2CID 4335569. Closed access icon
  18. ^ Marks, J. D.; Hoogenboom, H. R.; Bonnert, T. P.; McCafferty, J.; Griffiths, A. D.; Winter, G. (1991). "By-passing immunization". Journal of Molecular Biology. 222 (3): 581–97. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90498-U. PMID 1748994. Closed access icon
  19. ^ "Live blog: direction evolution takes chemistry Nobel prize". Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 – live". The Guardian. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  21. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter Chairman". Archived from the original on 29 January 2012.
  22. ^ "Greg Winter wins 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.