Grizzly bear

For other uses, see Grizzly bear (disambiguation).
"Grizzly" redirects here. For other uses, see Grizzly (disambiguation).

Grizzly bear
Temporal range:
Late Pleistocene – present (~45,000–0 YBP)[1]

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species:
U. arctos
Subspecies:
U. a. horribilis
Trinomial name
Ursus arctos horribilis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Possibly synonymous subspecies[3]
Historic and present range

The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly, is a population or subspecies[4] of the brown bear inhabiting North America.

In addition to the mainland grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis), other morphological forms of brown bear in North America are sometimes identified as grizzly bears. These include three living populations—the Kodiak bear (U. a. middendorffi), the Kamchatka bear (U. a. beringianus), and the peninsular grizzly (U. a. gyas)—as well as the extinct California grizzly (U. a. californicus†)[5][6] and Mexican grizzly (formerly U. a. nelsoni†).[7][8] On average, grizzly bears near the coast tend to be larger while inland grizzlies tend to be smaller.

The Ussuri brown bear (U. a. lasiotus), inhabiting the Ussuri Krai, Sakhalin, the Amur Oblast, the Shantar Islands, Iturup Island, and Kunashir Island in Siberia, northeastern China, North Korea, and Hokkaidō in Japan,[6][9][10] is sometimes referred to as the "black grizzly", although it is no more closely related to North American brown bears than other subspecies of the brown bear around the world.

  1. ^ Churcher, Charles S.; Morgan, Alan V. (February 1976). "A grizzly bear from the Middle Wisconsin of Woodbridge, Ontario". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 13 (2). Canadian Science Publishing: 341–347. doi:10.1139/e76-036.
  2. ^ "Ursus arctos".
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Miller2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Rausch, Robert (1953). "On the status of some arctic animals". Arctic. 6 (2): 91–148. doi:10.14430/arctic3870. ISSN 0004-0843.
  5. ^ Schwartz, C. C.; Miller, S. D.; Haroldson, M. A. (2003). "Grizzly bear" (PDF). In Feldhamer, G. A.; Thompson, B. C.; Chapman, J. A. (eds.). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. Baltimore, MD.: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 556–586. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2014.
  6. ^ a b Storer, T. I.; Tevis, L. P. (1996). California Grizzly. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-5202-0520-8.
  7. ^ Busch, Robert (2004). The Grizzly Almanac. Globe Pequot Press. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-1-5922-8320-0. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  8. ^ Elson, C. S. (1954). "Further Evidence about the Barren-Ground Grizzly Bear in Northeast Labrador and Quebec". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (3): 345–357. doi:10.2307/1375959. JSTOR 1375959.
  9. ^ "Homepage" (PDF). Wildpro. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  10. ^ Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P., eds. (1998). Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears)]. Vol. II, Part 1a. Washington, D.C.: Science Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1-886106-81-9.