Grumman F4F Wildcat

F4F/FM/F2M Wildcat/Martlet
F4F-3 in non-reflective blue-gray over light gray scheme from early 1942
General information
Type	Carrier-based fighter aircraft
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Grumman
Built by	General Motors
Status	Retired from military use
Primary users	United States Navy United States Marine Corps Royal Navy Royal Canadian Navy
Number built	7,885[1]
History
Introduction date	December 1940
First flight	2 September 1937
Retired	1945

The Grumman F4F Wildcat is an American carrier-based fighter aircraft that entered service in 1940 with the United States Navy, and the British Royal Navy where it was initially known as the Martlet.^[2] First used by the British in the North Atlantic, the Wildcat was the only effective fighter available to the United States Navy and Marine Corps in the Pacific Theater during the early part of the Second World War. The disappointing Brewster Buffalo was withdrawn in favor of the Wildcat and replaced as aircraft became available.

With a top speed of 318 mph (512 km/h), the Wildcat was outperformed by the faster (331 mph (533 km/h)), more maneuverable, and longer-ranged Mitsubishi A6M Zero. US Navy pilots, including John "Jimmy" Thach, a pioneer of fighter tactics to deal with the A6M Zero, were greatly dissatisfied with the Wildcat's inferior performance against the Zero in the battles of the Coral Sea and Midway.^[3][4][5] The Wildcat has a claimed air combat kill-to-loss ratio of 5.9:1 in 1942 and 6.9:1 for the entire war.^[6]

Lessons learned from the Wildcat were later applied to the faster F6F Hellcat. While the Wildcat had better range and maneuverability at low speed,^[7] the Hellcat could rely on superior power and high speed performance^[8] to outperform the Zero. Wildcat production continued throughout the remainder of the war, with Wildcats serving on escort carriers, where the larger and much heavier Hellcat could not be used.