Guangzhou

For other uses, see Guangzhou (disambiguation) or Canton.

Guangzhou
广州市
Canton; Kwangchow
Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city
Canton Tower in front of the Pearl River
Nicknames: 
City of Rams, City of Flowers, City of Rice Spike
Map
Location of Guangzhou City jurisdiction in Guangdong
Location of Guangzhou City jurisdiction in Guangdong
Guangzhou is located in Guangdong
Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Location of the city center in Guangdong
Guangzhou is located in China
Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (China)
Coordinates (Guangdong People's Government): 23°07′48″N 113°15′36″E / 23.13000°N 113.26000°E / 23.13000; 113.26000
CountryChina
ProvinceGuangdong
Settled214 BC
Founded byQin dynasty
Municipal seatYuexiu District
Government
 • TypeSub-provincial city
 • BodyGuangzhou Municipal People's Congress [zh]
 • CCP SecretaryGuo Yonghang
 • Congress ChairmanWang Yanshi
 • MayorSun Zhiyang
 • CPPCC ChairmanLi Yiwei
Area
[1]
7,434.4 km2 (2,870.4 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,256.4 km2 (871.2 sq mi)
 • Metro
20,144.1 km2 (7,777.7 sq mi)
Elevation
21 m (69 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
18,676,605
 • Density2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
26,940,000
 • Urban density12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
32,623,413
 • Metro density1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi)
DemonymCantonese
GDP[3]
 • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city
  • CN¥ 2.823 trillion
  • US$ 437.7 billion
 • Per capita
  • CN¥ 151,162
  • US$ 23,436
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (China Standard Time)
Postal code
510000
Area code(0)20
ISO 3166 codeCN-GD-01
License plate prefixes粤A
City FlowerBombax ceiba
City BirdChinese hwamei
LanguagesCantonese, Standard Chinese
Websitegz.gov.cn
Guangzhou
"Guangzhou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese广州
Traditional Chinese廣州
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōuⓘ
Cantonese YaleGwóngjāuⓘ
Postal
  • Canton
  • Kwangchow
Literal meaning"Broad Prefecture"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōuⓘ
Bopomofoㄍㄨㄤˇ   ㄓㄡ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhGoangjou
Wade–GilesKuang3-chou1
Tongyong PinyinGuǎngjhou
Yale RomanizationGwǎngjōu
IPA[kwàŋ.ʈʂóʊ]
Wu
RomanizationKuaon-tseu
Hakka
RomanizationKong3-ziu1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGwóngjāuⓘ
Jyutpinggwong2 zau1
IPA[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tsɐw˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJKńg-chiu
abbreviation
Chinese穗
Hanyu PinyinSuì
Cantonese YaleSeuih
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinSuì
Bopomofoㄙㄨㄟˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhSuey
Wade–GilesSui4
Tongyong PinyinSuèi
Yale RomanizationSwèi
IPA[swêɪ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationSeuih
Jyutpingseoi6
IPA[sɵɥ˨]

Guangzhou,[a] previously romanized as Canton[6] or Kwangchow,[7] is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.[8] Located on the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the Silk Road.[9]

The port of Guangzhou serves as a transportation hub for Guangzhou, one of China's three largest cities.[10] Guangzhou was captured by the British during the First Opium War and no longer enjoyed a monopoly after the war; consequently it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai, but continued to serve as a major entrepôt. Following the Second Battle of Chuenpi in 1841, the Treaty of Nanking was signed between Sir Robert Peel on behalf of Queen Victoria and Lin Zexu on behalf of Emperor Xuanzong and has ceded Hong Kong to the United Kingdom on 26 January 1841 after the agreement of the Convention of Chuenpi.[11]

Guangzhou is at the center of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area, the most populous built-up metropolitan area in the world, which extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shenzhen and part of Jiangmen, Huizhou, Zhuhai and Macau, forming the largest urban agglomeration on Earth with approximately 70 million residents[12] and part of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. Administratively, the city holds subprovincial status[13] and is one of China's nine National Central Cities.[14] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis.[15] The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city's total population in 2008. Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China.[16] As of the 2020 census, the registered population of the city's expansive administrative area was 18,676,605 individuals (up 47 percent from the previous census in 2010), of whom 16,492,590 lived in 9 urban districts (all but Conghua and Zengcheng).[2] Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, the major airport of Guangzhou, briefly became the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic in 2020.[17] Guangzhou is the fifth most populous city by urban resident population in China after Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Chongqing.[18]

In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual Canton Fair, the oldest and largest trade fair in China.[19] For three consecutive years (2013–2015), Forbes ranked Guangzhou as the best commercial city in mainland China.[20] Guangzhou is highly ranked as an Alpha (global first-tier) city together with San Francisco and Stockholm.[21] It is a major Asia-Pacific finance hub, ranking 21st globally in the 2020 Global Financial Centres Index.[22] As an important international city, Guangzhou has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the 2010 Asian Games, the 2010 Asian Para Games, and the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. The city hosts 65 foreign representatives, making it the major city hosting the third most foreign representatives in China, after Beijing and Shanghai.[23][24] As of 2020, Guangzhou ranked 10th in the world and 5th in China—after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen—for the number of billionaire residents by the Hurun Global Rich List.[25] Guangzhou is a research and development hub ranking 8th globally as well as 4th in the Asia-Pacific region,[26] and is home to numerous Double First-Class Universities, including Sun Yat-sen University.[27][28][29]

  1. ^ 土地面积、人口密度（2008年）. Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. Archived from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties)". City Population. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  3. ^ "2021年广州Gdp达28231.97亿元 同比增8.1%-中新网". Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  4. ^ "Guangzhou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020.
  5. ^ "Guangzhou". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  6. ^ "Canton". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020.
  7. ^ "Guangzhou". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  8. ^ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions". PRC Central Government Official Website. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  9. ^ 海上丝绸之路的三大著名港口. People.cn. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
  10. ^ "Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality". visitgz.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  11. ^ Roberts, Toby; Williams, Ian; Preston, John (2020). "The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification". Maritime Policy & Management. 48 (4): 530–542. doi:10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785.
  12. ^ "Major Agglomerations of the World". City Population. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  13. ^ 中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号. docin.com. February 19, 1995. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  14. ^ 全国乡镇规划确定五大中心城市. Southern Metropolitan Daily. February 9, 2010. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  15. ^ Mensah Obeng, Mark Kwaku (2018). "Journey to the East: a study of Ghanaian migrants in Guangzhou, China". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 53: 67–87. doi:10.1080/00083968.2018.1536557. S2CID 149595200.
  16. ^ Cheng, Andrew; Geng, Xiao (April 6, 2017). "Unlocking the potential of Chinese cities". China Daily. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  17. ^ Kawase, Kenji (January 25, 2021). "China's Guangzhou airport crowns itself the world's busiest for 2020". Nikkei Asia. Nikkei Inc. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  18. ^ "Top 10 Chinese cities by urban resident population". China Daily. November 18, 2022. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  19. ^ Jin, Xin; Weber, Karin (September 16, 2008). "The China Import and Export (Canton) Fair: Past, Present, and Future". Journal of Convention & Event Tourism. 9 (3): 221–234. doi:10.1080/15470140802325863. hdl:10397/8520. S2CID 153995277.
  20. ^ "Guangzhou tops best mainland commercial cities rankings". chinadaily. December 16, 2014. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  21. ^ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference GFCI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ "Shimao Shenkong International Center·Hurun Global Rich List 2020". Hurun Report. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  26. ^ "Leading 200 science cities Nature Index 2023 Science Cities Supplements". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  27. ^ "Nature Index 2018 Science Cities". Nature Index. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  28. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". ShanghaiRanking. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  29. ^ "US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Guangzhou". U.S. News & World Report. October 26, 2021. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.


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