Guinea

"Guinée" redirects here. For the concept in the African diasporic religion, see Haitian Vodou.
Not to be confused with French Guiana, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, or New Guinea.
For the region, see Guinea (region). For other uses, see Guinea (disambiguation).

Republic of Guinea
République de Guinée (French)
𞤖𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 (Pular)
ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ (Eastern Maninkakan)
Motto: "Travail, Justice, Solidarité" (French)
Work, Justice, Solidarity
Anthem: Liberté (French)
"Freedom"
Guinea in dark green
Guinea in dark green
Capital
and largest city
Conakry
9°31′N 13°42′W / 9.517°N 13.700°W / 9.517; -13.700
Official languagesFrench
Vernacular
languages
List
Ethnic groups
([1])
Demonym(s)Guinean
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic under a military junta
Mamady Doumbouya
Bah Oury
LegislatureNational Council of the Transition[3]
Independence 
(was the colony of French Guinea since 1891)
• from France
2 October 1958
• Republic
2 October 1958
• 4th constitution
2 October 1958
• Second Republic Day
3 April 1984
5 September 2021
Area
• Total
245,857 km2 (94,926 sq mi) (77th)
• Water (%)
negligible
Population
• 2024 estimate
13,986,179[4] (75th)
• Density
40.9/km2 (105.9/sq mi) (164th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $48.750 billion[5] (142nd)
• Per capita
Increase $3,241[5] (166th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $23.205 billion[5] (140th)
• Per capita
Increase $1,542[5] (161st)
Gini (2012)33.7[6]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.472[7]
low (181st)
CurrencyGuinean franc (GNF)
Time zoneUTC (GMT ± 00:00)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Drives onright
Calling code+224
ISO 3166 codeGN
Internet TLD.gn

Guinea (/ˈɡɪni/ ⓘ GHIN-ee),[a] officially the Republic of Guinea (French: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sierra Leone and Liberia to the south. It is sometimes referred to as Guinea-Conakry, after its capital Conakry, to distinguish it from other territories in the eponymous region, such as Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea.[8][9][10][11] Guinea has a population of 14 million and an area of 245,857 square kilometres (94,926 sq mi).[12]

Formerly French Guinea, it achieved independence in 1958.[13] Guinea has a history of military coups d'état.[14][15][16] After decades of authoritarian rule, it held its first democratic election in 2010.[16][17][18] As it continued to hold multi-party elections, the country still faces ethnic conflicts, corruption, and abuses by the military and police.[18][19] In 2011, the United States government claimed that torture by security forces and abuse of women and children (including female genital mutilation) were ongoing human rights issues.[20] In 2021, a military faction overthrew president Alpha Condé and suspended the constitution.[14][15][16]

Muslims represent 90% of the population.[8][21][22] The country is divided into four geographic regions: Maritime Guinea on the Atlantic coast, the Fouta Djallon or Middle Guinea highlands, the Upper Guinea savanna region in the northeast, and the Guinée forestière region of tropical forests. French, the official language of Guinea, is a language of communication in schools, government administration, and the media. More than 24 indigenous languages are spoken, and the largest are Susu, Pular, and Maninka, which dominate respectively in Maritime Guinea, Fouta Djallon, and Upper Guinea, while Guinée forestière is ethnolinguistically diverse. Guinea's economy is mostly dependent on agriculture and mineral production.[23] It is the world's second-largest producer of bauxite and has deposits of diamonds and gold.[24] As of the most recent survey in 2018, 66.2% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty, and an additional 16.4% are vulnerable to it.[25] The country was at the core of the Western African Ebola virus epidemic.

  1. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Guinea". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  3. ^ National Assembly is currently suspended in the wake of the 2021 Guinean coup d'état.
  4. ^ "Guinea". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Guinea)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  6. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Guinea-Conakry". Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  9. ^ "Music Videos of Guinea Conakry". Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  10. ^ "The Anglican Diocese of Ghana". Netministries.org. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  11. ^ "CFI – Africa – Guinea Conakry". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  12. ^ "Nations Online: Guinea – Republic of Guinea – West Africa". Nations Online. Archived from the original on 3 May 2003. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  13. ^ West Africa economic bloc suspends Guinea after military coup, Deutsche Welle (8 September 2021).
  14. ^ a b Nicholas Bariyo & Benoit Faucon, Military Faction Stages Coup in Mineral-Rich Guinea, Wall Street Journal (5 September 2021).
  15. ^ a b Krista Larson, EXPLAINER: Why is history repeating itself in Guinea's coup?, Associated Press (7 September 2021).
  16. ^ a b c Danielle Paquett, Here's what we know about the unfolding coup in Guinea, Washington Post (6 September 2021).
  17. ^ Abdourahmane Diallo and Adam Nossiter, Guinea Votes in Its First Democratic Presidential Election, New York Times (7 November 2010).
  18. ^ a b Guinea, Freedom in the World, Freedom House, 2021.
  19. ^ Saliou Samb, Guinea President Conde vows to tackle corruption during third term, Reuters (15 December 2020).
  20. ^ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (2012). "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Guinea". United States Department of State. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  21. ^ "Religion in Guinea". Visual Geography. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  22. ^ "The Pan African Bank". Ecobank. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Guinea Conakry: Major Imports, Exports, Industries & Business Opportunities in Guinea Conakry, Africa". Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  24. ^ "Guinea Conakry Support – Guinee Conakry Trade and Support. (GCTS)". Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  25. ^ "Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023 Guinea" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2024.


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