Guiyi Circuit

Guiyi Circuit Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han 歸義軍 / 西漢金山國 / 西漢敦煌國
851–1036
Status	Circuit/Kingdom/Tributary to Tang dynasty
Capital	Ganzhou (Zhangye) Shazhou (Dunhuang)
Common languages	Chinese, Old Tibetan, Sogdian
Government	Monarchy, Military
History
• Established	851
• Disestablished	1036
Preceded by Succeeded by Tibetan Empire Dingnan Jiedushi Xiliangfu Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
Today part of	China

The Guiyi Circuit, also known as the Guiyi Army (Chinese: 歸義軍; pinyin: Guīyì Jūn; Wade–Giles: Kui¹-i⁴ Chün¹; lit. 'Returning-to-Righteousness Army', 848–1036 AD), Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han (西漢金山國; Xīhàn Jīnshān guó; Hsi-han Chin-shan kuo, 909–911), and Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han (西漢敦煌國; Xīhàn Dūnhuáng guó; Hsi-han Tun-huang kuo, 911–914), was a Chinese regional military command and later an autonomous dynastic regime nominally subordinate to the Tang dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Northern Song dynasty. The Guiyi Circuit was controlled by the Zhang family from the second half of the 9th century to the 10th century and then the Cao family until the 11th century. The Guiyi Circuit was headquartered in Shazhou (沙州; modern-day Dunhuang).