 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. (February 2021) |
| Gungnyeo | |
 Models of gungnyeo in green dangui and blue chima, a bulky skirt | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 궁녀 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | gungnyeo |
| McCune–Reischauer | kungnyŏ |
Gungnyeo (Korean: 궁녀; lit. palace women)[1] is a Korean term referring to women waiting on the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. It is short for "gungjung yeogwan", which translates as "a lady officer of the royal court".[2] Gungnyeo includes sanggung (palace matron)[3] and nain (assistant court ladies), both of which hold rank as officers. The term is also used more broadly to encompass women in a lower class without a rank such as musuri (lowest maids in charge of odd chores), gaksimi, sonnim, uinyeo (female physicians) as well as nain and sanggung.[4][5] The term spans those from courtiers to domestic workers.
- ^ Han, Hee-sook, pp. 141–146
- ^ "Korean Food Culture Series – Part 5; Royal Cuisine – Who made royal cuisines?". Korea Tourism Organization. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
- ^ "상궁(尙宮), Sanggung" (in Korean and English). The Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
- ^ 궁녀 (宮女) (in Korean and English). Empas / EncyKorea.
- ^ 궁녀 (宮女) (in Korean and English). Empas / Britannica.