Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak
Mural painting of Guru Nanak from Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai
19th-century mural painting from Gurdwara Baba Atal depicting Nanak
Personal
Born
Nanak

15 April 1469 (Katak Pooranmashi, according to Sikh tradition)[1]
Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate
(present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan)
Died22 September 1539 (1539-09-23) (aged 70)
Kartarpur, Mughal Empire
(present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Resting placeGurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, Kartarpur, Punjab, Pakistan
ReligionSikhism
SpouseMata Sulakhani
ChildrenSri Chand
Lakhmi Das
Parent(s)Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta
Known for
Other namesFirst Master
Peer Balagdaan (in Afghanistan)[2]
Nanakachryaya (in Sri Lanka)[3]
Nanak Lama (in Tibet)[4]
Guru Rinpoche (in Sikkim and Bhutan)[5]
Nanak Rishi (in Nepal)[6]
Nanak Peer (in Iraq)[7]
Vali Hindi (in Saudi Arabia)[8]
Nanak Vali (in Egypt)[9]
Nanak Kadamdar (in Russia)[10]
Baba Foosa (in China)[11]
Signature
Religious career
Based inKartarpur
SuccessorGuru Angad
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Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: [gʊɾuː naːnəkᵊ], pronunciationⓘ), also known as Bābā Nānak ('Father Nānak'),[12] was an Indian spritual teacher, mystic and poet, who is regarded as the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

Nanak is said to have travelled far and wide across Asia teaching people the message of Ik Onkar (ੴ, 'One God'), who dwells in every one of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth.[13] With this concept, he would set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.[14][15][16]

Nanak's words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabda, in the holy religious scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib (jap, 'to recite'; ji and sahib are suffixes signifying respect); the Asa di Var ('Ballad of Hope'); and the Sidh Gosht ('Discussion with the Siddhas'). It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Nanak's sanctity, divinity, and religious authority had descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them. His birthday is celebrated as Guru Nanak Gurpurab, annually across India.

  1. ^ Gupta 1984, p. 49.
  2. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Booklet on Guru Nanak Dev's teachings released". Tribuneindia News Service. Rare is a saint who has travelled and preached as widely as Guru Nanak Dev. He was known as Nanakachraya in Sri Lanka, Nanak Lama in Tibet, Guru Rimpochea in Sikkim, Nanak Rishi in Nepal, Nanak Peer in Baghdad, Wali Hind in Mecca, Nanak Vali in Misar, Nanak Kadamdar in Russia, Baba Nanak in Iraq, Peer Balagdaan in Mazahar Sharif and Baba Foosa in China, said Dr S S Sibia, director of Sibia Medical Centre.
  3. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  4. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  5. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  6. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  7. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  8. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  9. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  10. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  11. ^ Baker, Janet (2 October 2019). "Guru Nanak: 550th birth anniversary of Sikhism's founder: Phoenix Art Museum, The Khanuja Family Sikh Art Gallery, 17 August 2019–29 March 2020". Sikh Formations. 15 (3–4): 499. doi:10.1080/17448727.2019.1685641. S2CID 210494526.
  12. ^ Macauliffe 1909, p. lvii.
  13. ^ Hayer 1988, p. 14.
  14. ^ Sidhu 2009, p. 26.
  15. ^ Khorana 1991, p. 214.
  16. ^ Prasoon 2007.