HEAT repeat

HEAT repeat
An example of an alpha solenoid structure composed of 15 HEAT repeats. The protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit is shown with the N-terminus in blue at bottom and the C-terminus in red at top. A single helix-turn-helix motif is shown in the center with the outer helix in pink, the inner helix in green, and the turn in white. From PDB: 2IAE​.[1][2]
Identifiers
SymbolHEAT
PfamPF02985
InterProIPR000357
PROSITEPDOC50077
SCOP21b3u / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1b3u​, 1f59​, 1gcj​, 1ibr​, 1m5n​, 1o6o​, 1o6p​, 1qbk​, 1qgr​, 1u6g​, 1ukl​, 2bku​

A HEAT repeat is a protein tandem repeat structural motif composed of two alpha helices linked by a short loop. HEAT repeats can form alpha solenoids, a type of solenoid protein domain found in a number of cytoplasmic proteins. The name "HEAT" is an acronym for four proteins in which this repeat structure is found: Huntingtin, elongation factor 3 (EF3), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A),[3] and the yeast kinase TOR1.[4] HEAT repeats form extended superhelical structures which are often involved in intracellular transport; they are structurally related to armadillo repeats. The nuclear transport protein importin beta contains 19 HEAT repeats.

  1. ^ Cho, Uhn Soo; Xu, Wenqing (1 November 2006). "Crystal structure of a protein phosphatase 2A heterotrimeric holoenzyme". Nature. 445 (7123): 53–57. doi:10.1038/nature05351. PMID 17086192. S2CID 4408160.
  2. ^ Groves MR, Hanlon N, Turowski P, Hemmings BA, Barford D (January 1999). "The structure of the protein phosphatase 2A PR65/A subunit reveals the conformation of its 15 tandemly repeated HEAT motifs". Cell. 96 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80963-0. PMID 9989501. S2CID 14465060.
  3. ^ Kobe, Bostjan; Gleichmann, Thomas; Horne, James; Jennings, Ian G.; Scotney, Pierre D.; Teh, Trazel (1999-05-05). "Turn up the HEAT". Structure. 7 (5): R91–R97. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80060-4. ISSN 0969-2126. PMID 10378263.
  4. ^ Andrade MA, Bork P (October 1995). "HEAT repeats in the Huntington's disease protein". Nat. Genet. 11 (2): 115–6. doi:10.1038/ng1095-115. PMID 7550332. S2CID 6911746.