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| HLA-B*15:01 (alpha)-β2MG with bound peptide | ||
major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, B15
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| Alleles | B*15:01, 15:02 . . | |
| Structure (See HLA-B) | ||
| Shared data | ||
| Locus | chr.6 6p21.31 | |
HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.[1]
B15 is a broad antigen and can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B*15 is the largest allele grouping for any known human autosomal locus, identified as of August 2008 there are more than 150 alleles and ~140 amino acid sequence variants from those gene products. Some of these alleles are discussed below. Other alleles, such as B*46 evolved from B*15. One reason for the diversity of this group is that B15 is among a group of alleles enriched in the original humans that left Africa and dispersed across East Asia and Australia. As people traveled east the frequency of many alleles dropped or disappeared from migrants. However B*15 persisted, expanded and diversified.[2] The wide range and complex environment selected for new alleles and promoted their expansion. B*46 for example is not found in Africa, and appears to have evolved and spread in East Asia, to several 100 million bearers worldwide.
HLA-B15 allele *15:02 is associated with the severe skin conditions Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by carbamazepine drug sensitivity in East Asians.
Carriers of the HLA-B15 allele *15:01 (B62) are much more likely to be asymptomatic when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).[3]
- ^ Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, Bontrop RE, Dupont B, Erlich HA, et al. (2010). "Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2010". Tissue Antigens. 75 (4): 291–455. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01466.x. PMC 2848993. PMID 20356336.
- ^ Hildebrand WH, Domena JD, Shen SY, et al. (April 1994). "HLA-B15: a widespread and diverse family of HLA-B alleles". Tissue Antigens. 43 (4): 209–18. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02327.x. PMID 7521976.
- ^ Augusto D, Murdolo L, Chatzileontiadou D, Sabatino Jr J (July 2023). "A common allele of HLA is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection". Nature. 620 (7972): 128–136. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..128A. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06331-x. PMC 10396966. PMID 37468623.