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Monarchia Hispaniae[b] | |||||||||||||||||
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| 1516–1700 | |||||||||||||||||
 1570 map of the Iberian Peninsula | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Madrid (1561–1601; 1606–1700) Valladolid (1601–1606) | ||||||||||||||||
| Official languages | Spanish | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Catholicism | ||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Spaniard, Spanish | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Composite monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||||||
• 1516–1556 (first) | Charles I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1665–1700 (last) | Charles II | ||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Cortes of Castile Courts of Aragon Courts of Catalonia Courts of Valencia Cortes of Navarre Cortes of Portugal | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||||||||||
• Ascension of Charles I | 23 January 1516 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1568–1648 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1580–1640 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1635–1659 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1640–1668 | |||||||||||||||||
• Death of Charles II | 1 November 1700 | ||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Spanish real and others | ||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Spain | ||||||||||||||||
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| History of Spain |
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| Timeline |
Habsburg Spain[c] refers to Spain and the Hispanic Monarchy, also known as the Catholic Monarchy, in the period from 1516 to 1700 when it was ruled by kings from the House of Habsburg. It had territories around the world, including modern-day Spain, a piece of south-eastern France, eventually Portugal and many other lands outside the Iberian Peninsula, including in the Americas and Asia. Habsburg Spain was a composite monarchy and a personal union. The Habsburg Spanish monarchs of this period are Charles I, Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II. In this period the Spanish Empire was at the zenith of its influence and power. Spain, or "the Spains", referring to Spanish territories across different continents in this period, initially covered the entire Iberian Peninsula, including the crowns of Castile, Aragon and from 1580 Portugal. It then expanded to include territories over the five continents, consisting of much of the American continent and islands thereof, the West Indies in the Americas, the Low Countries, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italian territories and parts of France in Europe, Portuguese possessions such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa, and the Philippines and other possessions in Southeast Asia. The period of Spanish history has also been referred to as the "Age of Expansion".
The Habsburg name was not continuously used by the family members, since they often emphasized their more prestigious princely titles. The dynasty was thus long known as the "House of Austria". Complementary, in some circumstances the family members were identified by their place of birth. Charles V was known in his youth after his birthplace as Charles of Ghent. When he became king of Spain he was known as Charles I of Spain, and after he was elected emperor, as Charles V (in French, Charles Quint). In Spain, the dynasty was known as the Casa de Austria, including illegitimate sons such as John of Austria and John Joseph of Austria. The arms displayed in their simplest form were those of Austria, which the Habsburgs had made their own, at times impaled with the arms of the Duchy of Burgundy (ancient), as seen on the arms of John of Austria. Calling this era "Habsburg", is, to some extent, a convenience for historians.
The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 resulted in the union of the two main crowns, Castile and Aragon, which eventually led to the de facto unification of Spain after the culmination of the Reconquista with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and of Navarre in 1512 to 1529. Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of "Catholic King and Queen" by Pope Alexander VI in 1494.[3] With the Habsburgs, the term Monarchia Catholica (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: Monarquía Católica) remained in use. Spain continued to be one of the greatest political and military powers in Europe and the world for much of the 16th and 17th centuries. During the Habsburg's period, Spain ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of arts and literature producing some of the world's most outstanding writers and painters and influential intellectuals, including Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco Suárez and Francisco de Vitoria. After the death in 1700 of Spain's last Habsburg king, Charles II, the resulting War of the Spanish Succession led to the ascension of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty, which began a new centralising state formation, which came into being de jure after the Nueva Planta decrees that merged the multiple crowns of its former realms (except for Navarre).
- ^ Monarchia Hispanica.google.com, Monarchia Hispaniae. digital.ub.uni.
- ^ Reyno de España, google.com
- ^ Kamen, H. (2005). Spain 1469–1714: A Society of Conflict. Routledge:Oxford. p. 37.
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