Hamiltonian optics[1] and Lagrangian optics[2] are two formulations of geometrical optics which share much of the mathematical formalism with Hamiltonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics.
- ^ H. A. Buchdahl, An Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics, Dover Publications, 1993, ISBN 978-0486675978.
- ^ Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan et al., Lagrangian Optics, Springer Netherlands, 2011, ISBN 978-0792375821.