Hamus (archaea)

Archaea, one of the three domains of life, are a highly diverse group of prokaryotes that include a number of extremophiles.[1] One of these extremophiles has given rise to a highly complex new appendage known as the hamus (pl.: hami). In contrast to the well-studied prokaryotic appendages pili and fimbriae, much is yet to be discovered about archaeal appendages such as hami.[2] Appendages serve multiple functions for cells and are often involved in attachment, horizontal conjugation, and movement. The unique appendage was discovered at the same time as the unique community of archaea that produces them. Research into the structure of hami suggests their main function aids in attachment and biofilm formation. This is accomplished due to their evenly placed prickles, helical structure, and barbed end.[3] These appendages are heat and acid resistant, aiding in the cell's ability to live in extreme environments.[4]

  1. ^ Eckburg, Paul B.; Lepp, Paul W.; Relman, David A. (February 2003). "Archaea and Their Potential Role in Human Disease". Infection and Immunity. 71 (2): 591–596. doi:10.1128/IAI.71.2.591-596.2003. ISSN 0019-9567. PMC 145348. PMID 12540534.
  2. ^ Moissl, Christine; Rachel, Reinhard; Briegel, Ariane; Engelhardt, Harald; Huber, Robert (2005-03-07). "The unique structure of archaeal 'hami', highly complex cell appendages with nano-grappling hooks: Unique structure of archaeal 'hami'". Molecular Microbiology. 56 (2): 361–370. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04294.x. PMID 15813730. S2CID 31690026.
  3. ^ Chaudhury, Paushali; Quax, Tessa E. F.; Albers, Sonja-Verena (February 2018). "Versatile cell surface structures of archaea: Cell surface structures of archaea". Molecular Microbiology. 107 (3): 298–311. doi:10.1111/mmi.13889. PMID 29194812. S2CID 19045028.
  4. ^ Ng, Sandy Y. M.; Zolghadr, Behnam; Driessen, Arnold J. M.; Albers, Sonja-Verena; Jarrell, Ken F. (2008-09-15). "Cell Surface Structures of Archaea". Journal of Bacteriology. 190 (18): 6039–6047. doi:10.1128/JB.00546-08. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 2546794. PMID 18621894.