Haplogroup DE

Haplogroup DE
Possible time of origin68,500 years BP,[1] 68,555 years BP,[2] 70,000 years BP,[3] 76,500 years BP[4]
Coalescence age65,200-76,500 years BP[1][4]
Possible place of originAfrica[5][4] or Eurasia[6]
AncestorCT
DescendantsE, D
Defining mutationsM1/YAP, M145 = P205, M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183

Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205), M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183.[7] DE is unique because it is distributed in several geographically distinct clusters. An immediate subclade, haplogroup D (also known as D-CTS3946), is mainly found in East Asia, parts of Central Asia, and the Andaman Islands, but also sporadically in West Africa and West Asia. The other immediate subclade, haplogroup E, is common in Africa, and to a lesser extent the Middle East and southern Europe.

The most well-known unique event polymorphism (UEP) that defines DE is the Y-chromosome Alu Polymorphism "YAP". The mutation was caused when a strand of DNA, known as Alu, inserted a copy of itself into the Y chromosome. Hence, all Y chromosomes belonging to DE, D, E and their subclades are YAP-positive (YAP+). All Y chromosomes that belong to other haplogroups and subclades are YAP-negative (YAP-).

The age of haplogroup DE, previously estimated at between 65,000 and 71,000 years,[8] was later estimated at around 68,555 years [2] and most recently at around 76,500 years old.[4]

  1. ^ a b "DE YTree".
  2. ^ a b Kamin M, Saag L, Vincente M, et al. (April 2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4): 459–466. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC 4381518. PMID 25770088.
  3. ^ Cabrera, Vicente M.; Marrero, Patricia; Abu-Amero, Khaled K.; Larruga, Jose M. (2018). "Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basal lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 98. Bibcode:2018BMCEE..18...98C. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1211-4. PMC 6009813. PMID 29921229.
  4. ^ a b c d Haber M, Jones AL, Connel BA, Asan, Arciero E, Huanming Y, Thomas MG, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C (June 2019). "A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-chromosomal Haplogroup and its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa". Genetics. 212 (4): 1421–1428. doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302368. PMC 6707464. PMID 31196864.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference underhill2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cabrera VM (2017). "Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago". bioRxiv 10.1101/233502.
  7. ^ "ISOGG 2008 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree Trunk". isogg.org.
  8. ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.