| Haplogroup E-M2 (former E3a / E1b1a) | |
|---|---|
.png) Interpolated frequency distribution.[1] | |
| Possible time of origin | 39,200 years BP[2] |
| Coalescence age | 16,300 years BP[2] |
| Possible place of origin | West Africa[3][4] or Central Africa[3][4] |
| Ancestor | E-V38 |
| Descendants | E-Z5994, E-V43 |
| Defining mutations | M2, DYS271/SY81, M291, P1/PN1, P189.1, P293.1 |
Haplogroup E-M2, also known as E1b1a1-M2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M2 is primarily distributed within Africa followed by West Asia. More specifically, E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of the African Great Lakes; it also occurs at moderate frequencies in North Africa, and the Middle East. E-M2 has several subclades, but many of these subhaplogroups are included in either E-L485 or E-U175. E-M2 is especially common among indigenous Africans who speak Niger-Congo languages, and was spread to Southern Africa and East Africa through the Bantu expansion.
- ^ D'Atanasio E, Trombetta B, Bonito M, Finocchio A, Di Vito G, Seghizzi M; et al. (2018). "The peopling of the last Green Sahara revealed by high-coverage resequencing of trans-Saharan patrilineages". Genome Biol. 19 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/s13059-018-1393-5. PMC 5809971. PMID 29433568.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "E-M2 YTree".
- ^ a b Trombetta, Beniamino; et al. (2015). "Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (7). Genome Biol Evol: 1940–1950. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv118. PMC 4524485. PMID 26108492.
- ^ a b Shriner, Daniel; Rotimi, Charles (2018). "Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Haplotypes Reveal Single Origin of the Sickle Allele during the Holocene Wet Phase". American Journal of Human Genetics. 102 (4). Am J Hum Genet: 547–556. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.003. PMC 5985360. PMID 29526279.