Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see Haplogroup H (Y-DNA).
Haplogroup H
Possible time of origin20,000–25,000 YBP
Possible place of originSouthwest Asia (West Asia or Western Asia), Lesser Caucasus
AncestorHV[1]
DescendantsH* lineages; subclades H1, H2, H3, H4, H5'36, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, H18, H19, H20, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H28, H29, H31, H32, H33, H34, H35, H37, H38, H39, 16129(H17+H27), 16129(H21+H30) (numbers to H144)[2]
Defining mutationsG2706A, T7028C[3]

Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated in Southwest Asia, near present day Syria,[1] around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago. Mitochondrial haplogroup H is today predominantly found in Europe, and is believed to have evolved before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and Southern Caucasus, and later migrations from Iberia suggest that the clade reached Europe before the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup has also spread to parts of Africa, Siberia and Inner Asia. Today, around 40% of all maternal lineages in Europe belong to haplogroup H.

  1. ^ a b Achilli A, Rengo C, Magri C, Battaglia V, Olivieri A, Scozzari R, et al. (November 2004). "The molecular dissection of mtDNA haplogroup H confirms that the Franco-Cantabrian glacial refuge was a major source for the European gene pool". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (5): 910–8. doi:10.1086/425590. PMC 1182122. PMID 15382008.
  2. ^ "H144 MTree". Archived from the original on 2023-02-27.
  3. ^ van Oven M, Kayser M (February 2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–94. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.