 | This article needs attention from an expert in Human Genetic History. The specific problem is: Nomenclature of haplogroup(s) and subclades. (November 2015) |
| Haplogroup I-M438 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 28–33,000 years ago[1] |
| Possible place of origin | South-Eastern or Eastern Europe. |
| Ancestor | I-M170 |
| Descendants | I-L460, I-L1251 |
| Defining mutations | M438/P215/S31 |
| Highest frequencies | I2a1a: Sardinia[2]
I2a1b: Bosnia and Herzegovina,[3] I2a2: Britain, Germany, and Sweden[2] |
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (ISOGG 2019), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of haplogroup I-M170. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE. It originated in Europe and developed into several main subgroups: I2-M438*, I2a-L460, I2b-L415 and I2c-L596.[2] The haplogroup can be found all over Europe and reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps (Balkans) via founder effect, related to the migrations of the Early Slavs to the Balkan peninsula.
The oldest example so far found is that of Hohle Fels (49) from Germany, being at least 14,200 years old.[4]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Peter Underhill 2007 pp. 33-42was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, et al. (July 2004). "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (1): 128–137. doi:10.1086/422196. PMC 1181996. PMID 15162323.
- ^ Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, Rootsi S, Janićijevic B, Rudan I, et al. (October 2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 1964–1975. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443.
- ^ Posth, Cosimo; Yu, He; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Huang, Yilei; Ringbauer, Harald; Rohrlach, Adam B.; Nägele, Kathrin; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Radzeviciute, Rita; Ferraz, Tiago; Stoessel, Alexander; Tukhbatova, Rezeda; Drucker, Dorothée G. (2023-03-01). "Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers". Nature. 615 (7950): 117–126. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0. hdl:10256/23099. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 9977688. PMID 36859578.