Haplogroup K2b (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup K2b (P331)
Possible time of originAbout 3,000 years younger than K-M9 40,000-50,000 years old
Possible place of originProbably East Asia[1] or Southeast Asia[2]
AncestorK2
Descendants
  • K2b1 (previously known as MS) and;
  • Haplogroup P (K2b2; subclades include haplogroups Q and R).
Defining mutationsP331, CTS2019/M1205, PF5990/L405, PF5969,[3][2]

Haplogroup K2b (P331), also known as MPS[3] is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Tatiana Karafet et al. 2014.[2]

Basal paragroup K2b* has not been identified among living males but was found in Upper Paleolithic Tianyuan man from China.[4]

K2b1 (P397/P399) known previously as Haplogroup MS, and Haplogroup P (P-P295), also known as K2b2 are the only primary clades of K2b. The population geneticist Tatiana Karafet and other researchers (2014) point out that K2b1, its subclades and P* are virtually restricted geographically to South East Asia and Oceania.[2] Whereas, in a striking contrast, P1 (P-M45) and its primary subclades Q and R now make up "the most frequent haplogroup in Europe, the Americas, and Central Asia and South Asia". According to Karafet et al., the estimated dates for the branching of K, K2, K2b and P point to a "rapid diversification" within K2 "that likely occurred in Southeast Asia", with subsequent "westward expansions" of P*, P1, Q and R.[2]

According to geneticist Spencer Wells, haplogroup K originated in the Middle East or Central Asia, in the region of Iran or Pakistan.[5]

  1. ^ "Downloadable genotypes of present-day and ancient DNA data (compiled from published papers) | David Reich Lab". reich.hms.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Sudoyo, Herawati; Lansing, J. Stephen; Hammer, Michael F. (March 2015). "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia". European Journal of Human Genetics. 23 (3): 369–373. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106. ISSN 1476-5438. PMC 4326703. PMID 24896152.
  3. ^ a b "PhyloTree y – Minimal y tree".
  4. ^ "Downloadable genotypes of present-day and ancient DNA data (compiled from published papers) | David Reich Lab". reich.hms.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  5. ^ Wells, Spencer (20 November 2007). Deep Ancestry: The Landmark DNA Quest to Decipher Our Distant Past. National Geographic Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4262-0211-7. "Given the widespread distribution of K, it probably arose somewhere in the Middle East or Central Asia, perhaps in the region of Iran or Pakistan."