Harmoko | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 1992 | |
| 9th Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly | |
| In office 1 October 1997 – 30 September 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Wahono |
| Succeeded by | Amien Rais |
| 12th Speaker of the House of Representatives | |
| In office 1 October 1997 – 30 September 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Wahono |
| Succeeded by | Akbar Tandjung |
| 6th General Chairman of Golkar | |
| In office 24 October 1993 – 11 July 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Wahono |
| Succeeded by | Akbar Tandjung |
| 22nd Minister of Information | |
| In office 19 March 1983 – 16 March 1997 | |
| President | Suharto |
| Preceded by | Ali Murtopo |
| Succeeded by | R. Hartono |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 February 1939 Patianrowo, Nganjuk, Oost-Java, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 4 July 2021 (aged 82) Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Cause of death | COVID-19 |
| Resting place | Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery |
| Political party | Independent |
| Other political affiliations | |
| Spouse |
Sri Romadhiyati
(m. 1972; died 2021) |
| Occupation |
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Harmoko[1] (7 February 1939 – 4 July 2021), colloquially referred to as Bung Harmoko, was an Indonesian politician and journalist who was active during the New Order era. He served as the Speaker of the People's Representative Council from 1997 until 1999, and was a factor in president Suharto's resignation during the widespread student demonstrations which occurred at the end of the New Order.
Born from humble origins in East Java, on 7 February 1939, Harmoko graduated from journalistic school, and became a journalist. He was active during the Guided Democracy and New Order regimes, working in a number of different newspapers, including Merdeka, Merdiko, and Harian Mimbar Kita. In 1970, he founded his own newspaper, the Pos Kota in Jakarta. In 1970, he was elected as the General Chairperson of the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI) branch in Jakarta, and two years later, he was elected as the General Chairperson of the entire PWI.
In 1977, Harmoko was elected a member of the People's Representative Council, as a member of the ruling Golkar organization. In 1983, he was appointed Minister of Information, likely due to his background in journalism. His skill at maintaining the New Order's image and Suharto's appearance led to him being dubbed the 'influencer-in-chief'. In 1993, Harmoko was elected as the Chairman of Golkar, becoming the first civilian to hold the post. In June 1997, he was appointed state minister for special affairs, a post he held for only three months as in October 1997, he was chosen to serve as the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly and People's Representative Council.
Despite years of loyalty to President Suharto, following widespread student demonstrations calling for a change of government, Harmoko caused great surprise at a press conference by asking the president to step down within five days. Likely due to the fact that he may have been upset by his dismissal as information minister, his dismissal as a possible vice presidential candidate, and his house being burned down by protesters. Suharto saw Harmoko's request as a betrayal, while Tadjus Sobirin, the former chairman of Golkar's Jakarta branch called Harmoko "Brutus" during a leadership meeting of the party, a reference to Roman senator Marcus Junius Brutus, who assassinated his great-uncle Julius Caesar. Harmoko died on 4 July 2021 at the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital due to COVID-19, and was buried the following day at Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery.