Hedvig Elizabeth von Biron of Courland (1727–1797) was a princess of Courland and a Russian courtier. She was the daughter of the Duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, and Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha gt Treyden, and the sister of Peter von Biron. She was the Hofmeisterin of the Empress Elizabeth of Russia and an influential person at the Russian court.