Heinrich event

A reconstruction of how Heinrich events would have likely proceeded, with the Laurentide ice sheet first growing to an unsustainable position, where the base of its periphery becomes too warm, and then rapidly losing ice until it is reduced to sustainable size[1]

A Heinrich event is a natural phenomenon in which large groups of icebergs break off from the Laurentide ice sheet and traverse the Hudson Strait into the North Atlantic.[2] First described by marine geologist Hartmut Heinrich,[3] they occurred during five of the last seven glacial periods over the past 640,000 years.[4] Heinrich events are particularly well documented for the last glacial period but notably absent from the penultimate glaciation.[5] The icebergs contained rock mass that had been eroded by the glaciers, and as they melted, this material was dropped to the sea floor as ice rafted debris (abbreviated to "IRD") forming deposits called Heinrich layers.

The icebergs' melting caused vast quantities of fresh water to be added to the North Atlantic. Such inputs of cold and fresh water may well have altered the density-driven, thermohaline circulation patterns of the ocean, and often coincide with indications of global climate fluctuations.

Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cause of Heinrich events, most of which imply instability of the massive Laurentide Ice Sheet, a continental ice sheet covering most of northeastern North America during the last glacial period. Other northern hemisphere ice sheets were potentially involved as well, such as the Fennoscandic and Iceland/Greenland. However, the initial cause of this instability is still debated.

  1. ^ Schannwell, Clemens; Mikolajewicz, Uwe; Kapsch, Marie-Luise; Ziemen, Florian (5 April 2024). "A mechanism for reconciling the synchronisation of Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 2961. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47141-7. PMC 10997585. PMID 38580634.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rodríguez-TovarDoradorHodell2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Heinrich, H. (1988). "Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years". Quaternary Research. 29 (2): 142–152. Bibcode:1988QuRes..29..142H. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(88)90057-9. S2CID 129842509.
  4. ^ Hodell, David A.; Channell, James E. T.; Curtis, Jason H.; Romero, Oscar E.; Röhl, Ursula (2008-12-01). "Onset of "Hudson Strait" Heinrich events in the eastern North Atlantic at the end of the middle Pleistocene transition (~640 ka)?". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 23 (4): PA4218. Bibcode:2008PalOc..23.4218H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.475.7471. doi:10.1029/2008PA001591. ISSN 1944-9186.
  5. ^ Obrochta, S. P.; Crowley, T. J.; Channell, J. E. T.; Hodell, D. A.; Baker, P. A.; Seki, A.; Yokoyama, Y. (2014). "Climate variability and ice-sheet dynamics during the last three glaciations". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 406: 198–212. Bibcode:2014E&PSL.406..198O. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.004.