Heliotropiaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics .[ 1]
The following are the four genera in the family:
Ixorhea is sister to Euploca and Myriopus .[ 2] Heliotropium , which comprises four major clades: Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus I.M.Johnst., Old World Heliotropium , Heliotropium sect. Cochranea (Miers) Post & Kuntze, and the Tournefortia -clade, the latter comprising Tournefortia sect. Tournefortia and all remaining New World species of Heliotropium .[ 3] [ 4]
^ Luebert, Federico; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Frohlich, Michael W.; Gottschling, Marc; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S.; Mittelbach, Moritz; Nazaire, Mare; Nepi, Massimo (2016-06-24). "Familial classification of the Boraginales" . Taxon . 65 (3): 502–522. doi :10.12705/653.5 . hdl :11365/993946 ISSN 0040-0262 . ^ Weigend, Maximilian; Luebert, Federico; Gottschling, Marc; Couvreur, Thomas L.P.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S. (October 2014). "From capsules to nutlets-phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales" . Cladistics . 30 (5): 508–518. doi :10.1111/cla.12061 PMID 34794245 . S2CID 11954615 . ^ Hilger, Hartmut H.; Diane, Nadja (2003-12-17). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data" . Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie . 125 (1): 19–51. doi :10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019 . ISSN 0006-8152 . ^ Luebert, Federico; Brokamp, Grischa; Wen, Jun; Weigend, Maximilian; Hilger, Hartmut H. (June 2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Neotropical Heliotropium (Heliotropiaceae)" . Taxon . 60 (3): 663–680. doi :10.1002/tax.603004 .