Help:IPA/Gujarati

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Gujarati on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Gujarati in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Gujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

Consonants
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	English approximation
b	બ	b	bat
bʱ	ભ	bh	clubhouse
β^[1]	ભ	bh	somewhat like averse
d	દ	d	dog
ð^[1]	ધ	dh	other
dʱ	ધ	dh	redhead
ɖ	ડ	ḍ	American English bird
ɖʱ	ઢ	ḍh	American English birdhouse
dʒ	જ	j	jack
dʒʱ	ઝ	z	hedgehog
f^[1]	ફ	ph	afraid
ɡ	ગ	g	gate
ɡʱ	ઘ	gh	loghouse
ɣ^[1]	ઘ	gh	go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
h	ઃ	ḥ	head
ɦ	હ	h	ahead
j	ય	y	yak
k	ક	k	scold
kʰ	ખ	kh	cold
l	લ	l	leaf
ɭ	ળ	l	somewhat like Merlin
m	મ	m	much
n	ન	n	not
ɳ	ણ	ṇ	somewhat like burner
ɲ	ઞ	ñ	canyon
ŋ	ઙ	ṅ	bank
p	પ	p	span
pʰ	ફ	ph	pan
ɾ	ર	r	atom (American English)
ɽ^[2]	ડ	ḍ	somewhat like murder
ɽʱ^[2]	ઢ	ḍh	No English equivalent
ɽ̃^[2]	ણ	ṇ	as above, but nasal
s^[3]	સ	s	sue
ʂ^[3]	ષ	ṣ	somewhat like worship
ʃ^[3]	શ	ś	sheep
t	ત	t	stop
tʰ	થ	th	top
ʈ	ટ	ṭ	somewhat like court
ʈʰ	ઠ	ṭh	somewhat like tree
tʃ	ચ	c	catch
tʃʰ	છ	ch	cheese
ʋ	વ	v	vine

Vowels
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	English approximation
ɑ	આ, કા	ā	bra
æ			cash
e	એ, કે	e	pay
ɛ	ઍ, કૅ	â	bed
ə	અ, ક	a	about
i	ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી	i	see
o	ઓ, કો	o	story
ɔ	ઑ, કૉ	ô	off
u	ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ	u	cool
əj	ઐ, કૈ	ai	kite
əʋ	ઔ, કૌ	au	house

Other symbols
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	Notes
◌̃	ં	ṃ	nasal vowel ([õː], etc.)
◌̤	◌̤		murmured vowel^[4]
ː			Length: Vowels are long when nasal (e.g. [moʈʈũː]
ˈ			stress (placed before stressed syllable)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
^ ^a ^b ^c The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
^ ^a ^b ^c While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
^ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).

[spirant-1] The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)

[retroflex-2] The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).

[sibilant-3] While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)

[4] Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).

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