Help:IPA/Piedmontese

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Piedmontese on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Piedmontese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Piedmontese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants^[1]
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	motobin, Biela, glòb	bone
d	perde, vëdde, dapërtut, bòrd	dot
dz	arvëdse, dzèmber^[2]	between buds and budge
dʒ	gieugh, giàun, alèrgich, magg	budge
f	fieul, definission	fit
ɡ	gheuba, magara, lagh	glad
k	canaja, chèich, quajëtta, brich, lagh	scar
l	alpin, làit, còl^[3]	let
m	musé, tamborn, dòm, fomna	might
n	novod, pann, genà^[4]	night
ŋ	dansé, lenga, ghërsin, bon-a^[4]	sing
ɲ	gnun, scagn, soagné	canyon
p	amprendù, pitòst, grop, glòb	spout
r	riscaudament, arnomà, àutr, saré, vira^[3]	atom (GA)
s	Savòja, mersì, fasson	between sip and ship
t	majëtta, batù, Turin, bòrd	stop
ts	armëtse, batsoà^[2]	between cats and catch
tʃ	cesa, ciàir, s-cet, baricc, magg	catch
v	veja, derivà, dventà	vest
ʋ	avosà, vnù, euvra	between wet and vet
z	zòna, disoma, arzultà, sbalià^[5]	between zone and genre
Marginal consonants
ʎ	aj^[6]	million
ɹ	erbo, sèira, brichèt^[3]	run
ʃ	sciola, cascin-a^[7]	ship
ʒ	ĝenĝiva, ceresa, sgiovo^[7]	genre

Semivowels
IPA		Examples	English approximation
j		sacabojé, avèj, stàit, piassa	you
ʊ̯		giàun, Euròpa, cativ, euv	how
w		question, guèra, mocioar	wise

Vowels
IPA		Examples	English approximation
a		manera, ancaminà	bat (RP)
ɑ	ɒ	ampi, vàire, sacrà, ca^[8]	father or not
e		fnestra, dovré, elétrica	bait
ɛ	æ	tèra, nen, përchè, vers, fransèis^[8]	bet or cat (GA)
ə		marëssal, ghëmmo, vësco, dësmentié^[9]	comma
i		finisso, ghignon, fiorì^[10]	see
ø		Pinareul, greuja, bleu^[8]	girl
ɔ		nòta, rispòsta, ëdcò^[8]^[11]	off
ʊ		fonsion, moneda, róndola	pull
y		buel, agiut, cudì, vnù^[10]^[12]	somewhat like few

Suprasegmentals
IPA		Examples	Explanation
ˈ		Piemont [pjeˈmʊŋt]	primary stress
ˌ		deurbëscàtole [ˌdørbəˈskɑtʊle]	secondary stress
.		noarèis [nʊ.aˈrɛjz]	syllable break
ː		fiëtta [ˈfjətːa]	geminated consonant^[1]

^ ^a ^b Piedmontese generally lacks contrastive consonant length, and double graphemes are normally used for orthographic purposes (e.g. ⟨cc⟩, ⟨gg⟩, ⟨nn⟩, ⟨ss⟩). However, when they do not carry such diacritical use, they represent geminated consonants (usually after stressed /ə/).
^ ^a ^b [dz] and [ts] may also be allophones of /dʒ/ or /z/ and /tʃ/ or /s/ (not between vowels) in south-eastern dialects (Mondovì, Langhe, Val Bormida and high Montferrat).
^ ^a ^b ^c /r/ and intervocalic /l/ are both realized with an approximant [ɹ] in certain southern dialects.
^ ^a ^b A plain ⟨n⟩ normally represents /n/ before a vowel and /ŋ/ elsewhere. When it is not the case, ⟨nn⟩ is used for /n/ and ⟨n-⟩ for /ŋ/ to avoid confusion.
^ ⟨s⟩ is always voiced [z] immediately before a voiced or nasal consonant and, when not doubled, between (semi)vowels or word-finally.
^ Intervocalic allophone of /j/ in Valsesia.
^ ^a ^b [ʃ] and [ʒ] are, respectively, allophones of /s(j)/ and /z(j)/ or /dʒ/ in north-eastern, high Montferrat, Val Bormida, Canavese and Biellese dialects.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d /ɛ/, /ɔ/ ([æ] in rural dialects), /ø/ and [ɑ] ([ɒ] in south-east dialects) only occur in stressed position, the latter being the most common allophone of /a/ in stressed position.
^ In some peripheral dialects, it may be realized slightly differently (for example as [ɐ]).
^ ^a ^b Stressed /i/ and /y/ are often realized with a more laxed realisation, [ɪ] and [ʏ], word-finally and before nasal consonants. Before /ŋ/, /i/ is more open [ɛ] in southern Langhe and a diphthong [ɛj] in high Montferrat.
^ In some dialects, it has a more close pronunciation as [ɔ̝].
^ In Montferrat and Langhe, /y/ has the allophones [i] and [ej].

[gemination-1] Piedmontese generally lacks contrastive consonant length, and double graphemes are normally used for orthographic purposes (e.g. ⟨cc⟩, ⟨gg⟩, ⟨nn⟩, ⟨ss⟩). However, when they do not carry such diacritical use, they represent geminated consonants (usually after stressed /ə/).

[dzts-2] [dz] and [ts] may also be allophones of /dʒ/ or /z/ and /tʃ/ or /s/ (not between vowels) in south-eastern dialects (Mondovì, Langhe, Val Bormida and high Montferrat).

[R-3] /r/ and intervocalic /l/ are both realized with an approximant [ɹ] in certain southern dialects.

[nasal-4] A plain ⟨n⟩ normally represents /n/ before a vowel and /ŋ/ elsewhere. When it is not the case, ⟨nn⟩ is used for /n/ and ⟨n-⟩ for /ŋ/ to avoid confusion.

[s-5] ⟨s⟩ is always voiced [z] immediately before a voiced or nasal consonant and, when not doubled, between (semi)vowels or word-finally.

[6] Intervocalic allophone of /j/ in Valsesia.

[Biellese-7] [ʃ] and [ʒ] are, respectively, allophones of /s(j)/ and /z(j)/ or /dʒ/ in north-eastern, high Montferrat, Val Bormida, Canavese and Biellese dialects.

[:0-8] /ɛ/, /ɔ/ ([æ] in rural dialects), /ø/ and [ɑ] ([ɒ] in south-east dialects) only occur in stressed position, the latter being the most common allophone of /a/ in stressed position.

[9] In some peripheral dialects, it may be realized slightly differently (for example as [ɐ]).

[:1-10] Stressed /i/ and /y/ are often realized with a more laxed realisation, [ɪ] and [ʏ], word-finally and before nasal consonants. Before /ŋ/, /i/ is more open [ɛ] in southern Langhe and a diphthong [ɛj] in high Montferrat.

[mid-o-11] In some dialects, it has a more close pronunciation as [ɔ̝].

[12] In Montferrat and Langhe, /y/ has the allophones [i] and [ej].

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