Help:IPA/Welsh

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Welsh on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Welsh in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Welsh language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Welsh phonology and Welsh orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Welsh.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximations
b	bach, cwbl, mab	be
d	dydd, cadw, tad	do
dʒ	joio, garej, diengyd (colloquial)	just
ð	ddoe, deuddeg, bedd	wither
f	ffenest, ei phen, cyffro, corff	find
ɡ	glân, cegin, cig	get
h	haul, gwahanol	have
j	iaith, geiriadur	you
k	cig, acw, ac	sky, cool
l	leicio, Alban, bol	like
ɬ	llaw, cyllell	No English equivalent; similar to the voiceless l in please but with considerably more friction
m	mab, cymaint, dim	me
m̥	fy mhen, ym Mhen-y-bont	me but whispered
n	nerth, anadlu, gwyn	no
n̥	fy nhad, yn Nhywyn	no, but whispered
ŋ	fy ngwely, trengi, rhwng	thing
ŋ̊	fy nghŵn, yng Nghymru	thing but whispered
p	pen, copa, map	open
r	radio, garw, dŵr	right but trilled
r̥	rhestr, anrheg	right but trilled and whispered
s	Saesnes, swsus	see
ʃ	siarad, siop, brwsh	she
t	tatws, at	stop
tʃ	tsieini, wats	chance
θ	thus, athro, peth	think
v	faint, afal, arf	very
w	wedyn, ei wraig, gwlân	was
χ	chwaer, tuchan, bwlch	Scottish loch but further back

Vowels
Monophthongs
IPA		Examples	English approximations
NW	SW	Examples	English approximations
a		sant, pàs	pasta
aː		mab, sâl	pasta but longer
ɛ		perth, mès	well
eː		peth, trên	Scottish may
ə		cymydog, rỳg	about
ɪ	ɪ	tipyn, sgìl	it
ɨ	ɪ	punt, gwyn	roses
iː	iː	hir, tîm	be
ɨː	iː	llun, bûm, rhy, tŷ	roses but longer
ɔ		bron, glòs	off
oː		bro, ôl	raw
ʊ		cwm, mẁg	put
uː		cwch, dŵr	pool
Diphthongs
ai	ai	tai	eye
aɨ		cau, nesáu	pie
aːɨ		hael, cae	Yael
aːi		Cymraeg	Yael
au		llaw	around
ɛu		llew	Italian, Portuguese and Spanish Europa
ɛi^[1]	ɛi^[1]	Seisnig	pain
eɨ	ɛi^[1]	gwneud	pain
əu		bywyd	Received Pronunciation toe
ɪu	ɪu	lliw	Cockney till
ɨu	ɪu	Duw, menyw	Cockney till
ɔi	ɔi	osgoi	boy
ɔɨ	ɔi	coeden	soil
ʊɨ	ʊi	mwy, gŵyl	Louie

Other symbols used in transcription of Welsh pronunciation
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable, for example cymydog [kəˈmədɔɡ])

^ ^a ^b The diphthongs that were historically [əi, əɨ] now begin with a more front vowel [ɛ ~ e] for most speakers. Transcription styles in sources vary but are most often transcribed with [ɛi, ɛɨ] on Wikipedia.

[mid-1] The diphthongs that were historically [əi, əɨ] now begin with a more front vowel [ɛ ~ e] for most speakers. Transcription styles in sources vary but are most often transcribed with [ɛi, ɛɨ] on Wikipedia.

[1]