| Hemhem | |
|---|---|
 The hemhem crown, based on depictions from antiquity | |
| Details | |
| Country | Ancient Egypt |
Hemhem crown was an ancient Egyptian ceremonial headgear. The hemhem crown consisted of three atefs (which may be called a triple atef[2]), two uraei, two ram's horns, and three to six solar disks. The first appearance of the hemhem crown is during the reign of Akhenaten in the 14th century BC, appearing as an alternative to the atef crown, and it underwent development between the 18th and 21st dynasties. Gods like Heka,[3] Isis,[4] and Osiris also appeared with the hemhem crown, and during the Greco-Roman period, solar deities were also depicted wearing it in some temples.[5]
Later the hemhem crown was shown on the images of non-Egyptian rulers, such as Nubians Natakamani, Arnekhamani or Silko of Nobadia.[6] A bas-relief at Pasargadae depicting a "Winged Figure" or "Winged Genius" with the hemhem crown indicates the proliferation of Egyptian paraphernalia.[2] This evidence indicates that the hemhem crown had passed into Iranian iconography, likely through an intermediary as opposed to directly from Egyptian sources, this being usually identified as North Syrian or Phoenician art[7] where it was commonly associated with divine beings.[8]
- ^ Stronach & Gopnik 2009.
- ^ a b Goebs 2013.
- ^ (June, 2014) Crowns of Egypt. Land of Pyramids.Retrieved on 10/08/2014. From http://www.landofpyramids.org/crown-of-egypt.htm
- ^ Azzopardi 2023, p. 72–73.
- ^ Ismail 2019, p. 49–51.
- ^ Lobban 2003, p. 364.
- ^ Sekunda 2010, p. 268–271.
- ^ Boyce 2015, p. 60.